ABSTRACT
The protection of personal medical information and the rights confirmation of medical big data are issues pending solution in the era of" Internet + heahhcare".As customers,patients at large enjoy a wide variety of data rights in the era of "Internet + healthcare",including the right to informed consent,the right to delete,the right to be forgotten,and the right to automate decision-making.Based on the analysis of the privacy protocols of 20 Internet healthcare platforms in China,the authors found such loopholes as lack of privacy protocol or missing/poor privacy clauses,mandatory use of private data and the sharing of private data,as well as lack of restrictions on the transfer.It is evident that the protection of patients' personal data is poor.The state is recommended to improve the personal information protection system in " Internet + healthcare" era by formulating mandatory industry standards,establishing a unified healthcare information data platform,and using information security management capabilities as an important indicator of market access.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Nasolabial fold flap has been widely used in clinical surgery. The facial artery anatomy has been widely used in clinical research. Angular artery dissection is becoming more and more important to nasolabial groove area surgery, but at present, there is a lack of anatomical analysis of internal angular artery. OBJECTIVE:To study the anatomy of the angular artery, and to provide anatomical data for protecting the nasolabial flap during surgery. METHODS:Twenty sides of adult cadaver specimens on head and face were dissected. A reference coordinate system was made based on the line between the connection of two medial angles of eyes (axis X) and the facial midline line (axis Y). The location of the angular artery was measured taking A-F as reference points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The slant angles of the angular artery on BC section, CD section, DE section and EF section were (11.1±4.3)°, (34.1±8.8)°, (21.5±10.5)°, and (17.0±4.7)°, respectively. (2) The angular artery sourced from facial artery was more than it sourced from ophthalmic artery. The diameter of right blood vessel was larger than that of left side. (3) The angular artery sourced from ophthalmic artery comes from the location which extended 8.1 mm to both sides from the point which was 10 mm up from the intersection of facial medial angle of eyes connection and midline. The blood vessel diameter of the starting point was (0.7±0.2) mm. The whole range was 20.1 mm. (4) The angular artery sourced from facial artery comes from the location which extended 25.8 mm to both sides from the point which was 40 mm down to the intersection of facial medial angle of eyes connection and midline. The blood vessel diameter of the starting point was (0.9±0.3) mm. Point to the wing of nose the lateral distance was (5.0±1.2) mm. The whole range was 68.7 mm. The surface projecting of angular artery coming from research results provided anatomic basis for surgery of nasolabial flap.