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Objective:To observe the changes of the inner-retinal irregularity index (IRII) of eyes with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) before and after surgery and its correlation with visual function.Methods:retrospective series of studies. From March 2017 to May 2018, 46 IMEM patients (46 eyes) diagnosed in the Department of Ophthalmology of Central Theater Command General Hospital were included in the study. BCVA, visual deformation degree (M), OCT inspection with swept source were all performed. The BCVA examination was carried out using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted into logMAR visual acuity for record. The average IRII was 1.255±0.048, the average logMAR BCVA was 0.63±0.21, the average M value was 0.68±0.38, the average of central macular thickness (CMT) was 353.57±73.92 μm, the average inner retinal layer thickness (IRT) was 181.50±40.91 μm. The complete and incomplete ellipsoid zone (EZ) were 17 and 29 eyes, respectively. All eyes underwent a 25G three-incision closed vitrectomy through the flat part of the ciliary body, and the epiretinal membrane and inner limiting membrane were removed at the same time. The changes of IRII, M value, BCVA, CMT, IRT and EZ were observed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and the correlation were analyzed between IRII and M value and BCVA before and after surgery. Single-factor repeated measurement data analysis of variance was used for the comparison of BCVA, M value, CMT, and IRT before and after surgery. Spearman rank correlation analysis were adopted for the correlation analysis between IRII and BCVA, M value, CMT, IRT and EZ integrity before and after surgery.Results:Twelve months after surgery, the average IRII and logMAR BCVA were 1.175±0.032 and 0.47±0.16, respectively. Compared with those before surgery, they were significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=22.273, 5.453; P<0.001, <0.001). The average M value ( F=20.109), CMT ( F=14.273), IRN ( F=13.665) were significantly lower than those before the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001, 0.001, <0.001). The integrity of EZ was significantly improved compared with that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=12.715, P<0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that preoperative IRII was positively correlated with preoperative M value and CMT ( r=0.951, 0.701; P<0.001, <0.001). It was positively correlated with postoperative M value, logMAR BCVA, CMT and EZ integrity ( r=0.650, 0.369, 0.720, 0.293; P<0.001,<0.001, P=0.048). It was not correlated with preoperative logMAR BCVA and EZ integrity ( r=0.283, 0.001; P=0.056, 0.996). Conclusion:The IRII of IMEM eyes before surgery is significantly correlated with the BCVA and M values after surgery.
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Objective:To observe the changes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size before and after surgery in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) eyes and analyze the correlation of FAZ with metamorphopsia.Methods:A retrospective case series study. From August 2016 to October 2017, 42 eyes of 38 patients affected with IMEM diagnosed in Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent a 25G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IMEM removal and ininternal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. The BCVA was measured using the international standard visual acuity chart, and the results were converted to the logMAR visual acuity. The severity of metamorphopsia was measured using M-charts. The FAZ areas were evaluated with OCT angiography in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers. The central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed with spectral-domain OCT before and after surgery. The logMAR BCVA was 0.61±0.21. The M-score was 0.66±0.38. The CMT of fovea was 337.71±57.63 μm. The FAZ areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus were 0.113±0.037 mm 2 and 0.202±0.03 mm 2, respectively. The differences in BCVA, M-score and FAZ area before and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery were analyzed by ANOVA. The Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between FAZ areas, visual acuity and metamorphopsia. Results:At 12 month after surgery, the FAZ areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus were 0.146±0.021 mm 2 and 0.240±0.019 mm 2, respectively. Compared with baseline, the the FAZ areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus after surgery significantly increased ( F=8.484, 14.346; P<0.001,<0.001). The postoperative logMAR BCVA 0.47±0.19, M-score 0.12±0.22 and CMT 270.60±33.27 μm were significantly improved compared with baseline ( F=5.044, 17.763, 13.545; P=0.001, <0.001, <0.001). The preoperative FAZ area in superficial capillary plexus correlated negatively with preoperative M-score ( r=-0.816, P<0.001); the preoperative FAZ area in deep capillary plexus correlated negatively with preoperative BCVA and M-score ( r=-0.422, -0.882; P=0.005,<0.001). The postoperative FAZ area in superficial capillary plexus correlated negatively with preoperative and postoperative M-score ( r=-0.791,-0.716; P<0.001,<0.001). The postoperative FAZ area in deep capillary plexus correlated negatively with BCVA and preoperative and postoperative M-score ( r=-0.343, -0.330, -0.732, -0.694; P=0.026, 0.033,<0.001,<0.001). Conclusions:PPV with ILM peeling can effectively restore the FAZ areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus, improve the visual acuity and metamorphopsia in patients with IMEM. Both superficial and deep plexus FAZ areas correlated negatively with metamorphopsia, and deep plexus FAZ area also correlated negatively with BCVA.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of single intravitreal injection of C3F8 in treating vitremacular traction (VMT) syndrome.Methods A retrospective case series of 38 eyes of 36 patients affected with VMT syndrome in Department of Ophthalmology,Central Theater Command General Hospital from March 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study.There were 16 males (16 eyes) and 20 females (22 eyes),with the mean age of 64.1 1 ± 9.49 years and the mean courses of 151.55 ± 127.87 days.All the patients received an intravitreal injection of 0.3 ml of 100％ C3F8 within one week.The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart,which was converted into logMAR visual acuity.The severity of metamorphopsia was detected using M-charts.The extent of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA),central macular thickness (CMT) and the status of ellipsoid zone (EZ) were assessed with spectral-domain OCT at baseline and each month after treatment.The average BCVA was 0.58± 0.22.The mean horizontal metamorphopsia (MH)and vertical metamorphopsia (MV) were 0.34±0.30 and 0.50±0.42,respectively.The mean CMT was 415.15 ± 89.59 μm.The mean horizontal VMA was 1168.68± 400.61 μm (30 eyes with VMA ≤ 1500 μtm and 8 eyes with VMA＞ 1500 μm).The mean vertical VMA was 976.89±295.92 μtm.There were 22 eyes with integrity EZ and 16 eyes without integrity EZ,33 eyes with crystalline lens and 5 eyes with IOL.The mean follow-up time was 10.7 months.The differences in BCVA,MH,MV,CMT,the integrity of EZ before and after treatment were analyzed.The VMT release rates were assessed.The Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship of VMT release rates with the data at baseline.Results Vitreomacular traction release occurred in 29 of 38 eyes by the final follow-up visit,the VMT release rate was 76.3％.VMT release occurred and the average time of VMT release occurred was 2.2 weeks.VMT persisted in 7 eyes,in the rest two eyes,one eye developed a retinal detachment and another eye formed macular hole,both eyes responded to vitrectomy.At 6 months after treatment,the average logMAR BCVA was 0.43±0.23,the mean MH and MV were 0.25± 0.23 and 0.24± 0.23,the mean CMT was 310.61 ± 63.10 pm.Among 16 eyes without integrity EZ before treatment,there were 9 eyes with integrity EZ at 6 months after treatment.There were 16 eyes with integrity EZ and 9 Compared with baseline,the mean BCVA at 6 months after treatment was significantly increased (F=3.779,P=0.037),but the MV (F=4.958,P =0.003) and CMT (F=13.419,P＜0.001) were significantly decreased,the integrity of EZ was improved significantly (22=5.050,P=0.025).The VMT release correlated inversely with the extent of horizontal VMA,BCVA,and CMT at baseline (r=-0.514,-0.348,-0.429;P=0.009,0.001,0.038).Conclusion Intravitreal injection of C3F8 can induce a posterior vitreous detachment and release vitreomacular traction,it is an efficient and safe treatment for VMT syndrome.It can improve the visual acuity,metamorphopsia and foveal morphology in patients with VMT syndrome.
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Objective To analyze the correlation between foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size and foveal morphology in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) using OCT angiography (OCTA).Methods A retrospective case series study contained of 54 eyes of 54 patients affected with IMEM (IEM group) and 50 eyes of 50 normal persons as the control group.The BCVA was measured using the international standard visual acuity chart,and the results were converted to the logMAR visual acuity.The FAZ areas were evaluated with OCTA in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers by using 3 mm × 3 mm images of the macular.The central macular thickness (CMT),inner retinal layer thickness (IRT),outer retinal layer thickness (ORT),subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT),and the status of ellipsoid zone (EZ) were assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.The differences of FAZ areas between the two groups were analyzed.The correlative analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between areas and foveal morphology.Results Compared with control group,the FAZ area in superficial and deep capillary plexus in the IMEM group were significantly smaller (t=-29.095,-28.743;P＜0.001,＜0.001);the mean CMT,IRT,ORT and SFCT were significantly thickening in the IMEM group (Z=-8.784,-8.524,-7.709,-7.535;P＜0.001,＜0.001,＜0.001,＜0.001).In the IMEM group,the FAZ area in superficial capillary plexus correlated inversely with the CMT,IRT,and the integrity of EZ (r=-0.464,-0.536,-0.293;P＜ 0.001,＜ 0.001,0.039),no significant correlation of superficial plexus FAZ areas with ORT and SFCT (r=-0.218,-0.165;P=0.172,0.157).The FAZ area in deep capillary plexus correlated inversely with the CMT,IRT,and the integrity of EZ (r=-0.306,-0.694,-0.468;P=0.037,＜0.001,＜0.001),no significant correlation with ORT and SFCT (r=-0.242,-0.227;P=-0.079,0.094).Conclusions The FAZ areas is significantly decreased in IMEM eyes compared with normal eyes.Both superficial and deep FAZ area are correlated with the CMT,IRT,and the integrity of EZ.
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Objective To observe the hole closure rate of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-guided facedown positioning for idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery.Methods A retrospective case series of 64 eyes of 64 patients affected with IMH.All the patients underwent a 25G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and intraocular perfluoropropane (C3F8) tamponade.In 35 eyes of 35 patients,the facedown positioning was halted after detecting an hole closure through intraocular gas in the SS-OCT images at the early period after surgery (the SS-OCT group).In 29 eyes of 29 patients,the facedown positioning was halted atter detecting an hole closure in the SS-OCT images when the macular zone was uncovered by intraocular gas (the control group).The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 11 months,with the mean follow-up time was 8.4 months.The hole closure rate at 6 months after surgery were compared between two groups by two independent sample Wilcoxon rank sum test.The duration of the facedown positioning and complications were compared between two groups.Results The period of facedown position was (1.67± 1.28) and (7.65 ± 1.42) days in the SS-OCT group and control group,respectively.The difference of the period of facedown position between the two groups was significant (Z=-6.784,P＜ 0.05).At 6 months after surgery,the hole closure was detected in 30 eyes (85.71％) in the SS-OCT group and in 27 eyes (93.10％) in the control group.There was no difference of hole closure rate between the two groups (x2=0.889,P＞0.05).There was no ocular serious side effect during the follow up,such as leakage of sclera incision,retinal hemorrhage,choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis.In the control group,there were two patients with mild dizziness who underwent symptomatic treatment.There was no systemic side effect during the follow-up in the SS-OCT group.Conclusion Confirming with SS-OCT imaging early closure of macular hole ofIMH patients with gas tamponade can serve as an important guide to significantly shorten the period of facedown positioning,while achieved a high hole closure rate.
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Objective To analyze the correlation of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size with visual acuity and metamorphopsia in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) eyes.Methods This is a cross-sectional study, including 43 patients (43 eyes) with IMEM (IMEM group) and 35 health subjects (35 eyes) as control group. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using the international standard visual acuity chart, and the results were converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. The severity of metamorphopsia was measured using M-charts. The FAZ areas were estimated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers. The central macular thickness (CMT) was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. There was no difference of logMAR BCVA and CMT between two groups (Z=?7.379, ?7.560;P<0.001). The differences of FAZ areas between the two groups were analyzed. The correlative analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between FAZ areas and visual acuity as well as metamorphopsia.Results The FAZ area in superficial and deep capillary plexus in IMEM group were smaller than those in control group (t=?30.316, ?27.606;P<0.001). In IMEM group, the mean M-score was 0.41±0.32; the horizontal and vertical M-score were 0.49±0.40 and 0.32±0.29, respectively. The horizontal M-score was higher than vertical M-score with the significant difference (Z=?2.000,P=0.046). In IMEM group, the FAZ area in superficial capillary plexus correlated inversely with metamorphopsia (r=?0.709,P<0.001); the FAZ area in deep capillary plexus correlated inversely with metamorphopsia and BCVA (r=?0.533, ?0.838;P<0.001).Conclusions The FAZ areas are significantly decreased in IMEM eyes compared with normal eyes. Both superficial and deep FAZ areas are correlated with metamorphopsia, and deep FAZ area is also correlated with BCVA.
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Puberty onset is triggered by re-emergence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA),which is characterized by the significantly increasing amplitude and frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in human being.A series of studies found that many genes control puberty onset,including KISS1 and GPR54 gene,estrogen receptor (ESR) gene,energy balance-related genes,LIN28B gene,MKRN3 gene and so on.Studies have been confirmed that the mutation and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the genes above are associated with early puberty.In this paper,the relationship between genetic alterations of these genes and early puberty are summarized as follows.-
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Objective To study angiography features and clinical significance of "multiple tumor feeding embolization".Methods Twelve patients with pelvic tumor were reviewed retrospectively.The lesions included fibrosarcoma(n=1),chondrosarcoma(n=2),osteosarcoma(n=2) and metastatic tumor(n=7).Results Angiography features were:(1)multiple origin and branch of tumor-feeding vessels.(2)large vascular mass with dense tumor stain.(3)larger size of tumor stain comparing with that of bone destraction.After treatment,symptom relief and tumor shrink were obviously using"the multiple tumor-feeding embolization".Conclusion Angiography features of pelvic tumor are great value in guiding the clinical therapy.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of selenium(Se)and/or vitamin E(VE)on the NO and NOS in heart,liver,kidney and serum of experimental hyperlipidemic rats.METHODS:SD rats were divided into5groups,administreated by Se and/or VE.After4weeks,the NO contents and NOS activities in heart,liver,kidney and serum were assayed by NO kit and NOS kit respectively.RESULTS:NO contents and NOS activities could be reduced in heart,liver,but increased in serum and kidney by high-fat feed(HFF).Meanwhile,VE and/or Se could increase the NO contents in all the experimental samples and NOS activities in heart,liver and kidney(P