ABSTRACT
Background: Self effcacy refers to an individuals belief in his or her capability to produce given achievements and the individuals perception of his or her ability to perform an action. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the General Self-effcacy Scale in Chilean population. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in 360 subjects, both sexes, 15-65 years of age, from Concepción, Chile, who answered Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Health Status Perception instruments. Reliability was verified by Cronbachs alpha coefficient and validity by expert re-vision, univariate statistics, correlations among items, item-scale correlations, and correlations with Self-esteem and Perception of Health Status constructs. Results: The structure of the scale is uni-dimensional, homogenous and positively related with the constructs examined. Conclusions: The General Self-efficacy Scale is a reliable and valid measure of the perception of self-efficacy in the Chilean population.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Status , Psychometrics , Self Concept , Self Efficacy , Chile , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Un problema actual y creciente de salud en la comunidad escolar es la agresión y violencia observada entre los estudiantes, siendo de tal intensidad que ha provocado incidentes negativos en niños y adolescentes, como dificultad en el aprendizaje y abandono escolar, observándose esta problemática transversalmente en diversos contextos culturales y sociales. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo apreciar cómo se da la agresión y violencia entre los escolares, los factores que están involucrados en estos eventos, así como también identificar algunas intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo para prevenir y tratar estas conductas, y los resultados obtenidos. Dentro de los factores que se relacionan con la agresión escolar están los de tipo individual, familiar, escolar y del ambiente. Las intervenciones realizadas han tenido como foco a los padres, profesores y/o alumnos(as), obteniéndose resultados positivos en aquellas con enfoque integral.
A current problem and increasing health in the school community is the observed aggression and violence among students, being of such intensity that has led to adverse incidents in children and adolescents, such a difficulty in learning and school dropout, having this problem across various cultural and social contexts. This bibliographical revisión has the objective to appreciate how the aggression and violence occurs among students,the factors that are involved in these events, as well as to indentify some interventios that have been carried out to prevent and treat these conducís and results. Within the factors that are related with the school aggression are: those of individual type, familiar, school activities and school atmosphere. The interventions made the parents responsibles, teachers and students in general, the results of these objectives has been positive.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Aggression , School Health Services , Violence/prevention & control , Adolescent Health , School NursingABSTRACT
Background: One of the goals of the national health reform is to promote a healthy lifestyle in all the population. The determinants of healthy lifestyles need to be identified to guide people towards this purpose. Aim: To analyze the health promoting lifestyle (HLP) in a community of Concepción and to identify the personal factors that might be predictors of such lifestyle. Material and methods: Pender's health promotion model was used as the conceptual framework for exploring the HLP among 360 persons aged from 15 to 64 years, free from chronic diseases. Data were obtained by a semi structured questionnaire and the following scales were used to measure HLP: perceived health status, perceived self esteem, and perceived self efficacy. Relationships between personal factors and HLP were studied. Data were processed with SAS software and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Only 52.2 percent of the sample had a healthy lifestyle. The variables sex, age, occupation, access to health care, self esteem, perceived health status and perceived self efficacy had a significant effect on HLP. A regression model showed that self esteem, self efficacy, sex, age, occupation and access to health care explained 30 percent of the variation in health lifestyle. Conclusions: Only half of the studied sample had a healthy lifestyle. The variables obtained with the regression model, should be considered to create effective interventions encouraging persons to integrate healthy behaviors to their life.