ABSTRACT
Vitamin D is well known for its effects on bone metabolism, calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recently, a worldwide focus has been made on the extraskeletal effects of this liposoluble vitamin. The New York Times even called it the [wonder drug]. Vitamin D is a liposoluble vitamin and acts via an intracellular receptor. This article reviews the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D focusing on cardiovascular effects, regulation of glucose, antitumoral properties, and effect on the immune system and the skeletal muscle and attempts to offer possible molecular explanations to these effects
ABSTRACT
With the increasing life expectancy, osteoporosis is becoming a major worldwide health problem. Osteoporotic fragility fractures affect the quality of life and are associated with premature mortality. The magnitude of the disease may become larger in developing countries, particularly in the Middle East where the prevalence of low bone mass is higher than in Western countries. Besides two small studies, there is no serious fragility fracture registry in Lebanon. The British Orthopedic Association published guidelines on the care of fragility fractures in 2007. Inspired by this effort, and taking into consideration the Lebanese socio-medico-economical particularities, we will detail the multidisciplinary management of a fragility fracture, as listed in the international standards, from its presentation to the Emergency Department, through its peri-operative care, and we will pay particular attention to the different aspects of secondary prevention. We hope that this paper will contribute to the upgrading of care of fragility fractures in Lebanon in order to meet the international standards of care, thus setting the example to other countries and healthcare systems in the Middle East region