Dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes con historia familiar de enfermedad cardiovascular precoz / Dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with a family history of early cardiovascular disease

INTRODUCTION: In Chile, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the first cause of mortality. The risk of CVD is greater if other factors are associated, among which the family history of CVD acquires special relevance due it represents an independent risk factor of atherogenesis. Aim: To evaluate cardiovascular risk markers: lipid profile, hsCRP and nutritional status in children and adolescents with positive family history of early cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS: Descriptive-transversal study. 138 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13,1 +/- 5,4 years were studied. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile and hsCRP were evaluated. RESULTS: Dyslipidemia was found in 55,1 percent of the studied population, that was mainly characterized by hypertryglyceridemia and decreased levels of HDL-chol (39,1 percent). In the total of dyslipidemic subjects, 10,5 percent showed 3 altered lipid parameters (total chol, tryglicerides and HDL-chol), 22,4 percent presented 2 parameters that were out the reference range (tryglicerides and HDL-chol) and the 34,2 percent had only one lipid parameter altered (low levels of HDL-chol or hypertriglyceridemia). Dyslipidemia was observed in 69,1 percent, of the overweight and obese population and it was 40,6 percent in the normal weight subjects. hsCRP concentrations were higher in dyslipidemic and overweight and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia was highly frequent in children and adolescents with positive family history of early CVD and even higher in those overweight and obese subjects. These findings support the screening of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with positive family history of early CVD.

Embolización transcatéter con dispositivo, una promisoria opción en el tratamiento del secuestro pulmonar: casos clínicos / Transcatheter embolization device as a promising option in the treatment of pulmonary sequestration: case reports

Introducción: El secuestro pulmonar (SP) ha sido tratado por muchos años con cirugía convencional efectuando remoción del tejido pulmonar ectópico y ligadura de los vasos sanguíneos aberrantes que nacen desde la aorta. Existe evidencia establecida, especialmente en literatura de habla inglesa que apoya el uso de la embolización arterial transcatéter mediante dispositivo para ocluir el vaso anómalo, como una opción de tratamiento seguro y definitivo para el SP intralobar. Objetivo: Mostrar nuestra experiencia pionera de la técnica de tratamiento del SP por medio de embolización transcatéter. Caso clínico: Presentamos los casos clínicos de dos adolescentes, de 13 y 14 años y de un recién nacido de 26 días de vida, portadores de SP intralobar, cuyos diagnósticos se realizaron a través de Tomografía Axial Computarizada (TAC) con contraste, tratados mediante embolización arterial transcatéter, con buen resultado y sin complicaciones en el seguimiento precoz y tardío. Conclusión: Con este tratamiento se logra en los pacientes afectados de SP resultados definitivos, menos invasivos y sin complicaciones al seguimento.

Introduction: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) has been treated for many years with conventional surgical removal of the ectopic lung tissue and ligation of aberrant vessels that arise from the aorta. There is evidence, especially in English-language literature that supports the use of transcatheter arterial embolization through a device for occlusion of the anomalous vessel, as a safe option and definitive treatment for intralobar PS. Objective: To show our experience pioneering the technique of PS treatment through transcatheter embolization. Case report: The case reports of two teenagers aged 13 and 14 and a 26-day-old newborn that developed intralobar PS are described. The diagnosis was made through computerized axial tomography (CT scan) and successfully and without complication, during early and long term follow-up, treated by arterial embolization transcatheter. Conclusion: The use of transcatheter arterial embolization is a less invasive and definitive treatment for patients with PS.