ABSTRACT
A seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis, among 180 schoolchildren of the public schools of Sorocaba City, state of São Paulo, Brazil, was carried out from August 2000 to July 2001. ELISA test was performed using excretory and secretory antigens for the detection of IgG anti-Toxocara antibodies. Information regarding the children was obtained from the parents or legal guardians. The results showed that the mean age was 5.4 ± 1.4 years, the infection coefficient (IC) was 38.3 and the infection risk was higher among the children living in the city outskirts (IC = 47.4) where the socioeconomic conditions were worse than in the central region of the city (IC = 11.1). There was an association between higher frequency of seroreactivity in the ELISA test and the condition of living in a house with a yard and/or unpaved street. The same was observed in relation to a history of enteroparasitism. There was also an association between a seronegative ELISA test and previous treatment of pet dogs and/or cats with vermifuge. Based on these results, the authors propose that public health programs should include anthelmintic for dogs and cats during the antirabies vaccination campaigns, in order to diminish environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs and consequently human infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dogs , Toxocara , Antibodies, Helminth , Toxocariasis , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a syndrome observed in human infection with helminth larval eggs such as the Toxocara spp. that usually infects dogs and cats. Among the risk factors involved in the occurrence of VLM, particularly important is the size of these animal populations. Sorocaba is a city with a dog population twice as large as that recommended by the World Health Organization. This fact has led to a survey of the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs in public square soils of this city. Thirty squares were selected, fifteen located in the outskirts of the city and fifteen downtown. Soil samples were collected from five distinct sites in the same area. The material was homogenized and drained and 100 g was mixed with a saturated solution of magnesium sulfate and 5 percent potassium iodine. The floating material was analyzed under the light microscope. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 16 squares, nine of which were located in the outskirts of the city and seven downtown. It was concluded that Sorocaba squares present a high rate of contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs. The squares in the outskirts of the city presented a higher occurrence of these eggs in comparison with those downtown, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Parasite Egg Count , Public Facilities , Soil/parasitology , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Brazil , Risk Factors , Urban HealthABSTRACT
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi relacionar a presença de ovos e/ou larvas de helmintos em elementos dos sanitários com a freqüência dos mesmos nas fezes de seus usuários. Três amostras das fezes de 1050 crianças em idade pré-escolar, examinadas pelo método de sedimentaçäo, foram positivas para 184 ovos ou larvas de helmintos, em 162 crianças. Dos 465 elementos dos sanitários (assento, descarga, trinco, maçanetas e registro de torneira) de 12 pré-escolas municipais de Sorocaba examinados com fita adesiva transparente sobre lâmina de microscopia estavam contaminados, sendo encontrados l8 ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides, 1 de Enterobius vermicularis e 4 larvas de nematóides parcialmente alteradas. Näo houve correlaçäo significante entre a contaminaçäo de elementos de sanitários e das fezes de seus usuários
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Bathroom Equipment , Feces/parasitology , Helminths/isolation & purification , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Child Day Care Centers , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Foram pesquisados 405 sanitários sendo 11 de praças, 2 da estaçao ferroviária, 4 da estaçao rodoviária, 55 de bares e restaurantes, 146 de escolas estaduais, 116 de escolas municipais, 8 de escolas particulares, 36 de postos de saúde, 16 de centros esportivos, 8 de orfanatos e 3 de shopping. Foram usadas lâminas de microscopia com fita adesiva. O material foi coletado pela colagem da fita nos seguintes elementos: 4 campos do assento, maçanetas interna e externa, trinco, registro de torneira e descarga (botao e puxador). Dos 405 sanitários pesquisados, 22 (5,43 por cento) estavam contaminados. Foram encontrados ovos de: Ascaris lumbricoides, ancilostomídeos, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia sp e Hymenolepis nana, sendo que em 2 sanitários foram encontrados, concomitantemente, ovos de 2 parasitas.