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Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 24(2): 95-101, 2021. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372710

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: actualmente existe una elevada frecuencia de complicaciones en heridas quirúrgicas, que son desvíos de la evolución esperada en la realización del acto quirúrgico, debido a múltiples factores. A esto se suma el actual problema de la pandemia por COVID-19, numerosos pacientes positivos precisan un tratamiento quirúrgico electivo inaplazable o urgente y evitar el desarrollo de posibles complicaciones. OBJETVOS: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones de heridas quirúrgicas en pacientes COVID-19. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un estudio de alcance correlacional, analítico, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron 90 historias clínicas de pacientes COVID-19 positivos que acudieron al Servicio de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, aplicando una guía de observación. Para el análisis de datos obtenidos se aplicó Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Odds Ratio (OR) con un valor p<0,05 como significativo y un intervalo de confianza del 95% respectivamente. RESULTADOS: se encontró una prevalencia de 15,56% para complicaciones de heridas quirúrgicas, los factores de riesgo asociados a estas complicaciones fueron el género masculino (OR=3,833), la edad del paciente mayor de 50 años (OR=6,462), presencia de diabetes (OR=9,733), tiempo de cirugía mayor a 4 horas (OR=9,733) y tipo de cirugía contaminada y sucia (OR=10,286). CONCLUSION: se identificaron como factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones en heridas quirúrgicas el género, la edad avanzada, diabetes del paciente, además del tiempo de cirugía mayor a 4 horas y cirugía contaminada y sucia. Es recomendable elaborar una guía de prevención específica para evitar las complicaciones de las mismas.


INTRODUCTION: currently there is a high frequency of surgical wounds complications, which are deviations from the expected evolution in performing the surgical act, due to multiple factors. To this is added the current problem of the COVID-19 pandemic, many positive patients require an urgent elective surgical treatment to avoid the development of possible complications. OBJECTIVE: to identify the risk factors associated with surgical wounds complications in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a correlational, analytical, observational, crosssectional and retrospective study was developed. 90 medical records of positive COVID-19 patients who attended the Surgical Specialties Service were reviewed applying an observation guide. For the analysis of the data, Pearson's Chi-square and Odds Ratio (OR) were applied with a p value <0,05 as significant and a confidence interval of 95% respectively. RESULTS: a prevalence of 15.56% was found for complications of surgical wounds, the risk factors associated with these complications were male gender (OR = 3.833), age of the patient over 50 years (OR = 6.462), presence of diabetes (OR = 9,733), surgery time more than 4 hours (OR = 9,733) and type of contaminated and dirty surgery (OR = 10,286). CONCLUSION: risk factors associated with complications in surgical wounds were identified as gender, advanced age, diabetes, as well as surgery time more than 4 hours and contaminated and dirty surgery. It is recommendable to develop a specific prevention guide to avoid some complications.


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COVID-19
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