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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of albuminuria in Chinese residents aged >35 years and its potential association with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:A total of 34 647 Chinese subjects aged ≥35 years were selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling from 2012 to 2015. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Albuminuria was categorized into 3 types according to urinary albumin-to- creatinine ratio: normal (<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (MAU, 30-300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g). Measurement data were expressed as xˉ±s, and t-tests were used for comparisons between indicators. Qualitative data were expressed as rate or constituent ratio, and the χ2 test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine differences. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analyses, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The prevalence of abnormal albuminuria was 19.1%; the prevalence was 17.2% for MAU and lower in males (13.8%) than females (20.1%, P<0.01). The risk of CVD was higher among subjects with MAU ( OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.35) and macroalbuminuria ( OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.50-2.32). When MAU was complicated by hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the CVD risk was 1.76 times higher. Conclusions:The prevalence of MAU is high among Chinese subjects aged 35 years and over. Those with MAU have higher CVD risk, especially those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To investigate the association between body fat percentage (BFP),visceral fat index (VFI) and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering (CRFC),among population aged 35 or older in Tibet and Xinjiang areas.Methods Using the stratified multi-stage random sampling method,7 571 residents aged 35 or above were examined with international standardized examination between 2015 and 2016.Of the eligible 5 643 participants,association of BFP and VFI with CRFC was defined as having two or more of the four risk factors:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,high TG and low HDL-C,at the same time.Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to further explore the relationships.Results The overall prevalence of CRFC among aged 35 and older population in Tibet and Xinjiang areas was 9.78％.BFP and VFI were divided into four groups by quartile.After adjustment for age,gender,race,cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,education attainments,and altitude of residence,ORs of CRFC seemed to have increased with BFP and VFI.Compared with people having BFP of 5.0％-27.0％,the OR(95％CI) were 1.15(0.86-1.54),1.48(1.05-2.07) and 1.72(1.10-2.68) for the ones who presented 27.1％-31.7％,31.8％-36.6％ and 36.7％-50.0％ of BFP.Compared to people of having 1-6 of VFI,with OR (95％CI) as 1.20(0.81-1.79),1.91(1.30-2.80) and 3.91(2.64-5.77) for the ones having 7-9,10-13 and 14-30 of VFI.Areas under the curve (AUC) of CRFC appeared as 0.55 for BFP and 0.70 for VFI,respectively,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusion Both BFP and VFI levels were closely associated with CRFC while VFI seemed to have a better predictive value than the BFP.
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Objective To investigate the association between types of obesity and the 10-year-coronary heart disease risk in Tibet and Xinjiang of China.Methods Using the multi-stage random sampling method,7 631 participants aged 35 or older were examined under the International Standardized Examination process but with only 5 802 were eligible for analysis,in the 2015-2016 season.Results The prevalence rates of general obesity,central obesity,visceral obesity and compound obesity were 0.53％,12.62％,10.08％ and 42.35％,respectively.Out of all the compound obesity cases,58.65％ (1 441/2 457) of them appeared as having all types of obesity in our study.Risk related to the 10-year-coronary heart disease was higher in men than in women [(3.05 ± 4.14)％ vs.(1.42-2.37) ％,P＜0.000 1.Compound obesity (30.16％) showed the highest proportion on the risk of 10-year-coronary heart disease than central obesity (28.01％),visceral obesity (18.46％) or the general obesity (19.35％).After adjustment for confounding factors,results from the multivariate analysis showed the risk in compound obesity was higher than central obesity,visceral obesity or general obesity and was associated with the highest risk on the 10-year-coronary heart disease (OR=2.889,95％CI:2.525-3.305).People with anomalous BMI and WC seemed to have had the higher risk (OR=3.168,95％CI:2.730-3.677).Conclusions Obesity was popular in the residents of Tibet and Xinjiang areas of China.Men and people with compound obesity (especially both BMI and WC were abnormal) seemed to carry greater risk on the 10-year-coronary heart disease.
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Objective To investigate the association between body fat percentage (BFP),visceral fat index (VFI) and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering (CRFC),among population aged 35 or older in Tibet and Xinjiang areas.Methods Using the stratified multi-stage random sampling method,7 571 residents aged 35 or above were examined with international standardized examination between 2015 and 2016.Of the eligible 5 643 participants,association of BFP and VFI with CRFC was defined as having two or more of the four risk factors:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,high TG and low HDL-C,at the same time.Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to further explore the relationships.Results The overall prevalence of CRFC among aged 35 and older population in Tibet and Xinjiang areas was 9.78％.BFP and VFI were divided into four groups by quartile.After adjustment for age,gender,race,cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,education attainments,and altitude of residence,ORs of CRFC seemed to have increased with BFP and VFI.Compared with people having BFP of 5.0％-27.0％,the OR(95％CI) were 1.15(0.86-1.54),1.48(1.05-2.07) and 1.72(1.10-2.68) for the ones who presented 27.1％-31.7％,31.8％-36.6％ and 36.7％-50.0％ of BFP.Compared to people of having 1-6 of VFI,with OR (95％CI) as 1.20(0.81-1.79),1.91(1.30-2.80) and 3.91(2.64-5.77) for the ones having 7-9,10-13 and 14-30 of VFI.Areas under the curve (AUC) of CRFC appeared as 0.55 for BFP and 0.70 for VFI,respectively,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusion Both BFP and VFI levels were closely associated with CRFC while VFI seemed to have a better predictive value than the BFP.
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Objective To investigate the association between types of obesity and the 10-year-coronary heart disease risk in Tibet and Xinjiang of China.Methods Using the multi-stage random sampling method,7 631 participants aged 35 or older were examined under the International Standardized Examination process but with only 5 802 were eligible for analysis,in the 2015-2016 season.Results The prevalence rates of general obesity,central obesity,visceral obesity and compound obesity were 0.53％,12.62％,10.08％ and 42.35％,respectively.Out of all the compound obesity cases,58.65％ (1 441/2 457) of them appeared as having all types of obesity in our study.Risk related to the 10-year-coronary heart disease was higher in men than in women [(3.05 ± 4.14)％ vs.(1.42-2.37) ％,P＜0.000 1.Compound obesity (30.16％) showed the highest proportion on the risk of 10-year-coronary heart disease than central obesity (28.01％),visceral obesity (18.46％) or the general obesity (19.35％).After adjustment for confounding factors,results from the multivariate analysis showed the risk in compound obesity was higher than central obesity,visceral obesity or general obesity and was associated with the highest risk on the 10-year-coronary heart disease (OR=2.889,95％CI:2.525-3.305).People with anomalous BMI and WC seemed to have had the higher risk (OR=3.168,95％CI:2.730-3.677).Conclusions Obesity was popular in the residents of Tibet and Xinjiang areas of China.Men and people with compound obesity (especially both BMI and WC were abnormal) seemed to carry greater risk on the 10-year-coronary heart disease.
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Host genes involved in lipid metabolism are differentially affected during the early stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Here we demonstrate that artificial up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis has a positive effect on the replication of the HCV full-length replicon when cells were treated with nystatin.Conversely,the HCV RNA replication was decreased when fatty acid biosynthesis was inhibited with 25-hydroxycholesterol and PDMP(D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3- morpholino-1-propanol).In agreement with these results,the expression level of GlcT-1(ceramide glucosyltransferase),a host glucosyltransferase in the first step of GSL (glycosphingolipid) biosynthesis,was found to be closely associated with the expression and replication of HCV RNA.On the other hand,the viral RNA can also activate GlcT-1 in the early stage of viral RNA transfection in vitro.To identify viral factors that are responsible for GlcT-1 activation,we constructed ten stable Vero cell lines that express individual HCV proteins.Based on the analyses of these cell lines and transient transfection assay of the GlcT-1 promoter regions,we conclude that HCV proteins,especially NS5A and NS5B,have positive effects on the expression of GlcT-1.It is possible that NS5A and NS5B stimulate transcription factor(s) to activate the expression of GlcT-1 by increasing its transcription level.