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1.
Dolor ; 26(67): 10-14, jul. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1096105

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: realizar un estudio de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo para caracterizar el uso y efecto de metadona en una población de pacientes de la unidad de cuidados paliativos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: los datos analizados se obtuvieron desde los registros de la farmacia y las fichas clínicas de los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados paliativos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer que estaban siendo tratados con metadona durante el mes de agosto de 2013. las variables cuantificadas fueron edad, sexo, diagnóstico oncológico, tipo de dolor, motivo de indicación de metadona, duración del tratamiento, dosis utilizadas, respuesta analgésica y uso concomitante con analgésicos no opioides. RESULTADOS: la población de pacientes bajo control mensual en la unidad de cuidados paliativos al mes de agosto fue de 445 pacientes. en el estudio se incluyeron a 31 pacientes que estaban en ese periodo tratados con metadona, lo que representa un 7% del total de pacientes. la indicación, según tipo de dolor, fue en un 80,6% por dolor de tipo neuropático o mixto. la indicación de metadona se debió, en un 68%, a una rotación de opioides y solo en un 3% fue por indicación primaria. la dosis promedio diaria fluctuó entre 16,7 mg, al inicio del tratamiento; y 26,1 mg, al momento del estudio o periodo de observación. la mediana de uso fue de 211 días. la intensidad del dolor, medida por la escala numérica verbal, fue de 8,3 ± 0,3 mg al inicio del tratamiento y 5,4 ± 0,6 mg durante el control de agosto de 2013, lo que significa una disminución promedio de 34,9%. DISCUSIÓN: el uso de metadona en la unidad de cuidados paliativos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer está en concordancia con las propuestas internacionales, indicándose principalmente como rotación de opioides y en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático. el análisis de las fichas mostró utilización de dosis bajas de metadona (menores de 30 mg), con pequeños incrementos de dosis durante el período de tratamiento, obteniéndose como resultado una reducción significativa del dolor.


OBJETIVES: to carry out a descriptive and retrospective study to characterize the use and effect of methadone in a group of patients of the Palliative Care Unit of the National Cancer Institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the information was obtained from the patient pharmacy and clinical records at the palliative care unit of the National Cancer Institute who were being treated with methadone during the month of august, 2013. the variables assessed were age, sex, oncology diagnosis, type of pain, reason for methadone prescription, treatment duration, dosage, pain response and associated use of non- opioid analgesics. RESULTS: the patient group under monthly monitoring at the palliative care unit in august was made up of 445 people. the study included 31 patients who at that time were being treated with methadone, 7% of the total. the indication according to the type of pain was in an 80.6% caused by a neuropathic or mixed pain. a 68% of the methadone indication was caused by an opioid rotation and only a 3% by a primary indication. the average daily dose went from 16.7 mg at the beginning to 26.1 mg at the moment the study or observation period was carried out. the use average was of 211 days. The pain intensity, using a numeric scale, was of 8.3 ± 0.3 mg at the beginning of the treatment and a 5.4 ± 0.6 mg during the august 2013 control, which means an average decrease of 34,9 %. DISCUSSION: the use of methadone at the palliative care unit of the National Cancer Institute is in accordance with the international proposals, being indicated mostly as opioid rotation and in the neuropathic pain treatment. the record analysis showed a low dose use of methadone (lower than 30 mg), with small dose increase during the treatment period, getting a significant pain decrease as a result


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pain/drug therapy , Palliative Care/methods , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Methadone/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Methadone/administration & dosage
2.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 15(4): 1-1, July 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646951

ABSTRACT

Background: The infectious diseases in the livestock breeding industry represent a significant drawback that generates substantial economic loss and have led to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The formulation of polymeric microparticles loaded with antibiotics for veterinary use can: reduce the number of required doses; protect the drug from inactivation; and maintain a sustained-release of the antibiotic drug at effective levels. Accomplishing all of these goals would have a significant economic and animal health impact on the livestock breeding industry. Results: In this work, we formulated ceftiofur-loaded PHBV microparticles (PHBV-CEF) with a spherical shape, a smooth surface and diameter sizes between 1.65 and 2.37 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was 39.5 +/- 1.1 percent w/w, and we obtained a sustained release of ceftiofur in PBS-buffer (pH 7.4) over 7 days. The antibacterial activity of ceftiofur was preserved after the encapsulation procedure, and toxicity of PHBV-CEF microparticles evaluated by MTS was represented by an IC50 > 10 mg/mL. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PHBV-CEF particles have a potential application for improving the treatment of infectious diseases in the livestock breeding industry.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cephalosporins/administration & dosage , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Polyesters/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Escherichia coli , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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