ABSTRACT
Background: Salmonella can be isolated from the feces of seagulls. Therefore these birds can be a vector for dissemination of this pathogen. Aim: To evaluate the possible role of gulls as vectors of two important human and animal pathogens (My-cobacteria and Salmonella). Material and Methods: One hundred twenty three Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) and 60 Franklin gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) captured off the coast of the seaport of Talcahuano, were analyzed. Using traditional microbiological methods, the presence of Mycobacteria in cloacal swabs and feet lavages, was analyzed in both types of gulls. To detect the presence of Salmonella, feces, fecal and tracheal swabs, and feet lavage were analyzed from Franklin gulls. Feces, feet lavage, intestine, spleen, liver, kidney and lung, were examined in Kelp gulls. Results: All Mycobacteria cultures were negative. Salmonella enterica cultures were positive in 25 % of Kelp gulls and 6.7 % of Franklin gulls. Four serovars were identified by serotyping. Enteritidis and Senfteberg serovars were found in both types of gulls. Anatum and Infantis serovars were found only in Kelp gulls. Feces of gulls captured during the winter had the highest yield of positive cultures (36.1%). Conclusions: Seagulls are an important Salmonella vector in Chile.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Charadriiformes/microbiology , Disease Vectors , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Chile , Feces/microbiologyABSTRACT
Los autores investigaron los factores biosociales,laborales y familiares que se relacionan con la percepción de estrés laboral que presentan las profesoras de primer año básico de las Escuelas Municipales de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, en el año 2002.Es una investigación de tipo descriptivo, transversal, cuyo diseño metodológico utilizó u formulario de tres etapas: la primera, una "Escala de estrés con perspectiva de Género" (tipo Lickert), la segunda, un "Cuestionario de Factores de Estrés con perspectiva de género" y la tercera, "Escala de Holmes y Rahe" (adaptada).Se trabajó con un universo de 35 profesoras, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron: ser profesora de sexo femenino, estar a cargo de un primer año básico, aceptación voluntaria de la profesora y autorización del Director del establecimiento para la realización del estudio.Los resultados permiten identificar y establecer la relación descriptiva entre los factores mencionados anteriormente, y así determinar la prevalencia de las profesoras que presentan percepción de estrés laboral desde una perspectiva de género.