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Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 68(3): 234-246, sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1016062

ABSTRACT

Las investigaciones realizadas en adolescentes del área rural y su percepción de salud son escasas, lo que representa un área de oportunidad para prevenir enfermedades de tipo cardiovascular en la vida adulta. El objetivo fue determinar el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y su percepción en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad de comunidades mayas. Se llevó a cabo en dos etapas: cuantitativatransversal y cualitativa. En el Municipio de Abalá, Yucatán, con estudiantes de secundarias (n = 292). Se registró el peso, talla, edad, circunferencia de cintura, tensión arterial y se calcularon los indicadores Talla/Edad, Índice de Masa Corporal/Edad, Cintura Cadera/Talla y Tensión Arterial sistólica/Talla. Se realizaron grupos focales con adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad según Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para explorar creencias acerca del sobrepeso/obesidad, alimentos que lo provocan y enfermedades ocasionadas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de Chi-cuadrado. El 96,9% de los adolescentes tuvo talla normal; según IMC, 54,1% peso Normal, 28,4% sobrepeso y 17,1% obesidad. El 30,5% presentó riesgo cardiovascular según Cintura Cadera/Talla y el 8,9% de los adolescentes registró prehipertensión/hipertensión, más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres. Respecto a la percepción del sobrepeso/obesidad, los adolescentes señalaron que no es buena para la salud; los alimentos que ocasionan sobrepeso/obesidad son ricos en hidratos de carbono, grasas, con alto contenido calórico y las enfermedades derivadas del sobrepeso/obesidad son diabetes, anemia, anorexia y desnutrición. Se encontró riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes, mayor en los hombres. Perciben que no llevan una buena alimentación, lo que podría ocasionarles sobrepeso/obesidad y desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares(AU)


The research carried out in adolescents in rural areas and their perception of health is scarce, which represents an area of opportunity to prevent cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, since at this stage increases the degree of autonomy. The objective was to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their perception in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Mayan communities. It was carried out in two stages: quantitative-transversal and qualitative; In the municipality of Abalá, Yucatán with secondary students (n = 292). The weight, height, age, waist circumference, blood pressure was recorded and height/age indicators, Body mass index/age, waist circumference/age and systolic/height were calculated. Focal groups were conducted with overweight or obese adolescents according to Body Mass Index (BMI) to explore beliefs about overweight/obesity, foods that cause obesity and illness. Descriptive statistics and Chisquare test were used. Height was adequate in 96.9% of adolescents, according to BMI, 54% had normal weight 28.4% were overweight and 17.1% were obese. 30.5% showed cardiovascular risk, according to waist circumference/height and 8.9% of adolescents had prehypertension/hypertension, being more frequent in males than females. About the perception of overweight/obesity, adolescents feel that it is not good for health; the foods that cause these problems are rich in carbohydrates, fats, with high caloric value; diseases resulting from overweight/obesity are diabetes, anaemia, anorexia and malnutrition. However, adolescents present cardiovascular risk, being higher in males. Adolescents perceive that they are not eating well, which can lead to overweight/obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Overweight/complications , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity , Diet, Food, and Nutrition
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