ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Gerontology points out concerns in understanding aging and its consequences, in order to propose specific policies. Objective: Identify occupational roles of older Brazilians and the relationship of these roles to demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Method: Participants included 67 non-institutionalized individuals 7084 years of age (33 men and 34 women; average age: 74.6 years). The roles performed in the Past, Present and Future were examined using the Role Checklist. Results: The occupational roles have changed over time, evidencing the loss of roles during the transition from Past to Present, although the participants stated that they intend to be engaged in a higher number of roles in the Future. The main roles performed in the Present are Hobbyist/Amateur, Home Maintainer and Family Member. In general, engaging in occupational roles was associated with higher education and income either in the Past, Present and Future. Conclusions: The study enabled to detect the diversity and complexity of older people's participation in society, contributing to a further understanding of their occupational careers. The main limitation of this study concerns to the specific sample composition, with independent older people. Further studies are in need to obtain an in-depth theoretical and empirical understanding of the trends and trajectories of the roles of older people.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the quality of a multiprofessional healthcare model for in-hospital patients by means of two performance indicators (communication and knowledge about the case). Methods: A cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge that professionals had about the clinical information of patients and the use of communication strategies by the team. Healthcare professionals were interviewed during their work period. Seven occupational categories were interviewed. A total of 199 medical charts were randomly selected for interviews, and 312 professionals of different categories were interviewed. The sample comprised mostly nurses and physical therapists in the charts that were interviewed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the expected performing model group and the under-performing model group for sex, location and job. In the under-performing model group, a larger number of professionals correlated with less knowledge. Communication was improved when nurses had the relevant information about interdisciplinary care (97.4%), appropriate use of the Plan of Care form (97.0%), and formalized discussions with physicians (88.2%). In the expected performing model group, it was observed that the higher the number of healthcare professionals involved, the higher the communication levels. Conclusions: This model of care based on case knowledge and multiprofessional team communication performance indices allowed to assess quality of care. This assessment is measurable and there is the possibility of establishing the quality of care delivered.
Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de um modelo de assistência a pacientes internados por meio de dois índices de desempenho (comunicação e conhecimento do caso) das equipes multiprofissionais. Métodos: Foi realizado um corte transversal para avaliação do conhecimento dos profissionais a respeito das informações clínicas do paciente e o uso de estratégias de comunicação intraequipe. Foi utilizado o formato de entrevistas feitas com profissionais durante o período de trabalho. Sete categorias profissionais foram entrevistadas e foram sorteados para entrevista 199 prontuários. Foram avaliados 312 profissionais das diversas categorias. A amostra foi caracterizada pela predominância do envolvimento dos profissionais de enfermagem e fisioterapia nos prontuários entrevistados. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos do modelo de desempenho esperado e do modelo de desempenho abaixo do esperado para as variáveis: sexo, situação e cargo dos profissionais. No grupo modelo de desempenho abaixo do esperado, evidenciou-se que quanto maior o número de profissionais envolvidos, menor o grau de conhecimento. A comunicação foi melhor quando o enfermeiro teve as informações relevantes sobre a assistência interdisciplinar (97,4%), utilizou de forma adequada o impresso denominado Plano Assistencial (97,0%) e formalizou a discussão com o médico (88,2%). No grupo do modelo de desempenho esperado, evidenciou-se que quanto maior o número de profissionais envolvidos, maior o grau de comunicação. Conclusões: Neste modelo assistencial, baseado no desempenho dos índices do conhecimento do caso e comunicação da equipe multiprofissional, pôde-se avaliar a qualidade da assistência. Portanto, essa avaliação é mensurável e é possível determinar o nível de qualidade da assistência prestada.