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1.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(3): 276-282, May-June 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439613

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Mobile phones in hospital settings have been identified as an important source of cross-contamination because of the low frequency with which mobile phones are cleaned by health workers and cyclical contamination of the hands and face. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mobile phones of the anesthesia team at a teaching hospital are potential reservoirs of nosocomial bacteria. In addition, differences in device sanitization and hand hygiene habits between attending and resident anesthesiologists were correlated with mobile phone colonization. Methods: A prevalence study was conducted over a 6-month period from 2017 to 2018 that involved the collection of samples from the mobile phones of the anesthesiology team and culturing for surveillance. A questionnaire was administered to assess the mobile phone sanitization and hand washing routines of the anesthesia team in specific situations. Results: Bacterial contamination was detected for 86 of the 128 mobile phones examined (67.2%). A greater presence of Micrococcus spp. on devices was correlated with a higher frequency of mobile phone use (p = 0.003) and a lower frequency of sanitization (p = 0.003). The presence of bacteria was increased on the mobile phones of professionals who did not perform handwashing after tracheal intubation (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Hand hygiene and device sanitization habits were more important than the use behavior, as a higher presence of bacteria correlated with poorer hygiene habits. Furthermore, handwashing is the best approach to prevent serious colonization of mobile devices and the possible transmission of pathogens to patients under the care of anesthesiologists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cell Phone , Bacteria , Anesthesiologists , Hospitals, Teaching
2.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(5): 532-538, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520363

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Adequate and continuous airway management by health professionals is fundamental to ensure patient safety and protection. Among several techniques, laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation is considered a basic skill, so it is taught and learned in medical school and used during the future years of professional practice. However, in some clinical scenarios, physical and anatomical characteristics can make laryngoscopy exceedingly difficult. In the last decade, some new devices have emerged to apply indirect or video-assisted imaging systems, so-called videolaryngoscopes. They have shown great efficiency in difficult intubation cases and have improved teaching and training. Our study introduced a videolaryngoscope, the McGrathTM MAC, in the regular laryngoscopy training rotation for 3rd-year undergraduate medical students and evaluated whether there was any associated optimization of the students' performance. Method: Students from two different classes and years (2017 and 2018) were randomly divided into two groups and received theoretical and practical training in the techniques of Direct Laryngoscopy (DL) and Videolaryngoscopy (VL). The students in each group applied the manoeuvres and simulated three tracheal intubation attempts on mannequins. They were evaluated for their success rate on the first attempt, the time required to finalize the intubation, and the visualization of the glottic structures according to the classification of Cormack-Lehane (C&L). Results: Two hundred and four students with an average age of 21 ± 2 years participated in the study; the groups were similar. There was a significant difference between the VL and DL groups in the 1st attempt success rate (97% and 89.4%, respectively, p = 0.0497 - 95% CI), but such a difference was not seen for the other attempts or regarding the number of oesophageal intubations (3% and 7.7%). The students in the VL group were faster than those in the DL group in all intubation attempts; in parallel, the vast majority of the VL group reported excellent visualization conditions, with 75% of the attempts classified as Cormack-Lehane grade 1. Conclusion: The introduction of a videolaryngoscope in medical students' training improved the visualization of anatomical structures and allowed tracheal intubation maneuvers to be performed faster and with a higher success rate on the first attempt. Thus, under the conditions of this prospective study, the videolaryngoscope had a positive impact on training and proved to be a promising tool for teaching laryngoscopy.


Subject(s)
Airway Management , Laryngoscopy , Students, Medical , Intubation, Intratracheal , Manikins
3.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 50(4): 383-388, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761117

ABSTRACT

Demonstrar os resultados clínicos e funcionais do tratamento da fratura diafisária de úmero com uso das hastes de Ender. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 18 pacientes submetidos à osteossíntese da fratura diafisária de úmero com uso da haste de Ender. Além das avaliações clínicas e radiográficas, os pacientes com no mínimo um ano de seguimento foram avaliados pelos escores funcionais de Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (Ases), Mayo Clinic, Simple Shoulder Value (SSV) e quanto ao grau de satisfação com o resultado final. A técnica de fixação usada foi por via anterógrada e percutânea. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes obtiveram consolidação da fratura, com média de 2,9 meses (variação de dois a quatro). A média do Score de Constant foi de 85,7 (variação de 54-100) e a do ASES de 95,9 (variação de 76-100) e todos obtiveram pontuação máxima pelo escore Mayo Clinic. CONCLUSÃO: A fixação das fraturas diafisárias do úmero com o uso da haste de Ender pela técnica percutânea demonstrou ser um método com resultados preliminares promissores.


To demonstrate the clinical and functional results from treatment of humeral diaphysis fractures using Ender nails. METHODS: Eighteen patients who underwent osteosynthesis of humeral diaphysis fractures using Ender nails were evaluated. In addition to the clinical and radiographic evaluations, patients with a minimum of one year of follow-up were assessed by means of the Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Mayo Clinic and Simple Shoulder Value (SSV) functional scores, and in relation to the degree of satisfaction with the final result. The fixation technique used was by means of an anterograde percutaneous route. RESULTS: All the patients achieved fracture consolidation, after a mean of 2.9 months (ranging from 2 to 4 months). The mean Constant score was 85.7 (ranging from 54 to 100) and the mean ASES score was 95.9 (ranging from 76 to 100). All the patients achieved the maximum score on the Mayo Clinic scale. CONCLUSION: Fixation of humeral diaphysis fractures using Ender nails by means of a percutaneous technique was shown to be a method with promising preliminary results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary , Humeral Fractures , Internal Fixators
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 1647-1656, Jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676388

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir a relevância e a necessidade da formação pedagógica do professor universitário no campo da Saúde Coletiva. Discutiu-se a docência como uma prática que exige formação específica, pois é caracterizada por elementos complexos que vão além do domínio de determinado conteúdo. Ao assumir a pós-graduação stricto sensu como uma importante etapa para a formação do professor universitário, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar as disciplinas/práticas de formação pedagógica dos mestrados e doutorados acadêmicos em Saúde Coletiva. Para alcançar o objetivo do estudo tomou-se como base a teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu e a teoria do currículo de Tomaz Tadeu da Silva. Os resultados apontam que a pós-graduação não toma a questão da formação pedagógica como objeto de interesse; e no que tange à Saúde Coletiva, aproximadamente 61% dos mestrados e 38% dos doutorados apresentam disciplinas/práticas de formação pedagógica, sendo que há uma tendência de formação técnica-instrumental, o que vai de encontro à história do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Conclui-se que há necessidade de se desenvolver uma cultura de valorização do ensino na universidade e na pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva assumindo a complexidade da prática pedagógica em todas as suas dimensões.


The scope of this research is to discuss the relevance and need for pedagogical training of university lecturers in the Public Health field. The contention is that college teaching is a practice that requires specific training, since it is characterized by complex elements that transcend the mastery of given content. Considering stricto sensu graduate studies as an important stage in the training of future university lecturers, an attempt was made to identify and analyze the subjects and practices of pedagogical training in academic masters and doctorate programs in Public Health. To achieve the research aim, this work was based on Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and on Tomaz Tadeu da Silva's curriculum theory. Results indicate that the programs do not consider the aspect of teacher training as a major issue. With regard to the Public Health field approximately 61% of masters and 38% of doctorate programs have pedagogical training subjects/practices. Furthermore, there is a tendency for technical-instrumental training, which is in line with the history of the Public Health field. The conclusion is that there is a need to develop a culture that values college and graduate Public Health teaching, considering the complexity of pedagogical practice in all its dimensions.


Subject(s)
Education, Graduate , Faculty , Public Health/education , Brazil
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 1625-1634, Jun. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS | ID: lil-676386

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os Cursos de Graduação em Saúde Coletiva são hoje uma realidade. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a visão dos coordenadores desses cursos sobre o processo de criação e de implementação dos mesmos, com destaque para seus elementos contextuais e processuais. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados dez atores integrantes de oito instituições de ensino superior, e estas entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que a criação dos cursos advém de longo processo de discussão no campo da Saúde Coletiva e foi impulsionada por alguns marcos na educação brasileira, entre eles o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais. Os depoimentos dos coordenadores permitiram resgatar os antecedentes da proposta e seu percurso nas diferentes instituições de ensino, além de estabelecer os pontos comuns e os específicos de cada processo. Atualmente, esses cursos, implantados e em andamento, se propõem a formar profissionais voltados para os diferentes níveis do sistema de saúde, em especial para aqueles integrantes do Sistema Único de Saúde, constituindo-se como um processo irreversível no campo da Saúde Coletiva.


INTRODUCTION: Undergraduate courses in Public Health are now a reality in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this article is to present the viewpoints of the coordinators of these courses on the process of their creation and implementation, emphasizing their contextual and procedural elements. METHODS: Ten actors working in eight different institutions were interviewed and the interviews were submitted to content analysis as proposed by Bardin. RESULTS: The results showed that the creation of such courses resulted from a long process of discussion on the field of Public Health, and was hastened by some important decisions in Brazilian education, including the Program to Support Restructuring and Expansion Plans of Federal Universities. The testimonies of the coordinators enabled the researchers to understand the context prior to the proposal and the way it was developed by each university, making it possible to establish not only the aspects common to each institution, but also their specificities. Currently, these courses have the purpose of training professionals focused on the different areas of health services, especially those related to the Unified Health System (SUS), representing an irreversible advance in the field of Public Health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Professional/organization & administration , Public Health/education , Brazil
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 1657-1666, Jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS | ID: lil-676389

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os Cursos de Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (CGSC) consistem em uma nova modalidade formativa no campo da Saúde Coletiva que visa formar profissionais focados nas principais necessidades em saúde da população brasileira e no Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivos: Assim, torna-se relevante traçar o perfil sociodemográfico de seus alunos e conhecer seus interesses quanto à formação e atuação profissional. Materiais e métodos: Com esses objetivos, em 2010, adotando uma abordagem quantitativa ao tema, realizamos um inquérito, através da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado aos alunos dos CGSC de universidades federais dos estados do Acre, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Norte. Resultados: Entre os 304 respondentes, encontramos uma população majoritariamente feminina, com 26 anos de idade, composta por indivíduos solteiros que moram com os pais, cursaram principalmente o ensino público, pertencem a famílias com baixa renda e escolaridade, aprovam o estudo noturno, trabalham e contribuem com a renda familiar, desejam trabalhar no setor público, preferencialmente em capitais e identificam no CGSC uma oportunidade para trabalhar na área da saúde. Conclusão: Esse perfil aponta para desafios e avanços presentes na formação pretendida, reforçando a necessidade de monitoramento do processo de implementação dos CGSC.


Introduction: Undergraduate Courses in Public Health (UCPH) feature a new way of teaching in the Public Health field that aims to educate professionals focused on the main health needs of the Brazilian population and on the Unified Health System. Objectives: Thus, it is relevant to know the students' socio-demographic profile including their interests in relation to education and professional development. Materials and methods: Adopting a quantitative approach with these objectives, a survey was conducted with 304 UCPH students who filled out a semi-structured questionnaire in 2010 in the following federal universities: Acre, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Norte. Results: The overwhelming majority was female, around 26 years of age, single, living with their parents, mostly attended public school, came from lower classes with lower educational background, approved night classes, worked, and contributed to their family incomes. They aspired to work in public sector - preferably in the state capitals - and they saw UCPH as an opportunity to work in the public health field. Conclusion: This profile reveals challenges and advances in the intended education, reinforcing the need to monitor the UCPH development process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Motivation , Public Health/education , Students/psychology , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors
7.
Fractal rev. psicol ; 24(2): 227-252, maio-ago. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-649424

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como a biopolítica perpassa os discursos midiáticos de um jornal de circulação na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul sobre Gripe A (H1N1), buscando tornar visível como as práticas institucionais e discursivas atravessam e constituem os sujeitos. Neste estudo apresentamos a parte da pesquisa que se refere aos desdobramentos da biopolítica referentes à indústria farmacêutica e medicalização. Sob uma perspectiva cartográfica, foram analisadas um total de 291 reportagens veiculadas durante o mês de julho de 2009. Como resultado da pesquisa, pode-se observar a influência que as mídias de massa e as elites simbólicas exercem sobre os sujeitos devido às construções de material simbólico, que acabam por surtir efeito não só nos corpos dos sujeitos, mas nas dinâmicas das populações.


This study aimed to analyze how biopolitics encompasses the media discourse in a newspaper circulating in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul on Influenza A (H1N1), seeking to make visible the practices and discursive institutions and are cross the subjects. This study presents the part of the research refers to the ramifications of biopolitics regarding pharmaceuticals and medicalization. From a cartographic perspective , we analyzed a total of 291 articles published during the month of July 2009. As a result of research, can observe the influence of mass media and the symbolic elites have on the subject due to the constructions of symbolic material, which ultimately have an effect not only on the bodies of the subjects, but the dynamics of populations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Influenza, Human , Mass Media , Power, Psychological , Mass Media , Psychology, Social
8.
Interface comun. saúde educ ; 16(41): 331-342, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-641610

ABSTRACT

Com base na ideia de que as necessidades de, e as intervenções em saúde são condições e ações humanas permeadas e construídas, com frequência, por atos comunicativos, este artigo discute categorias centrais do pensamento do filósofo da linguagem Mikhail Bakhtin tais como: dialogia, enunciado, gênero e polifonia como referencial para a análise de interações verbais no campo da saúde. Bakhtin desenvolve um pensamento cujo fundamento é a natureza social da linguagem, entendendo que a comunicação de cada época e de cada grupo social reflete as condições específicas e as finalidades dos respectivos campos da sociedade. Para ele, o sujeito se constitui discursivamente ao apreender vozes alheias e é integralmente social e singular. Tomando como referência essa constituição social e singular dos indivíduos, o artigo também apresenta, de forma seminal, uma proposição prática para a construção de espaços e de atividades no campo da saúde.


Based on the idea that both the needs and interventions in health are human conditions and actions often permeated and built by communicative acts, this article discusses central categories of Mikhail Bakhtin's philosophy of language - such as: dialogue, utterance, gender and polyphony - and proposes their use as a framework for the analysis of verbal interactions in the health field. Bakhtin conceives language social in nature, understanding that the communication in every field of society reflects their specific purposes, historical and social conditions. According to him, the subject is constituted in a discursive manner, by means of appropriating other's voices, being also entirely social and unique. With reference to that social and unique constitution of individuals, the article also presents, in a seminal way, a practical proposition for the construction of spaces and activities in the health field.


Con base en la idea de que las necesidades de, y las intervenciones en la salud son condiciones y acciones humanas permeables y construídas por actos comunicativos, se discuten categorías centrales del pensamiento del filósofo del lenguaje Mikhail Bakhtin tales como: dialogismo, enunciado, género, polifonía como base de un marco analítico de interacciones verbales en el campo de la salud. Bakhtin desarrolla un pensamiento cuyo fundamento es la naturaleza social del lenguaje, entendiendo que la comunicación de cada época y grupo social refleja las condiciones específicas y los fines de los respectivos campos de la sociedad. Para él, el sujeto se constituye discursivamente aprehendiendo voces ajenas y es integralmente social y singular. Tomando como referencia esa constitución social y singular de los individuos, se presenta, de forma seminal, una proposición práctica para la construcción de espacios y de actividades en el campo de la salud.


Subject(s)
Communication , Language
9.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 63 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681344

ABSTRACT

Este estudo pretende atravessar o campo da formação em saúde sob uma das perspectivas possíveis que é a docencia em saúde, sendo que esta se apresenta como duplamente complexa: está imersa no campo da sáude e trata sobre a questão do conhecimento. Dessa maneira, o objetivo é estudar a docência em saúde tomando os desafios do campo da saúde que desafiam a prática docente, e para tanto pretendemos fazer um recorte téorico utilizando-se do pensamento de Edgar Morin, pesquisador francês formado em História, Geografia e Direito, que posteriormente migrou para a Filosofia, Sociologia e Epistemiologia, e que tem , entre seus temas de estudo, dois que consideramos essenciais para nossa discussão, a educação e a complexidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Graduate/trends , Faculty , Staff Development , Learning , Health Personnel/education
10.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 46(1): 115-119, Jan. 2003. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-334456

ABSTRACT

Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) presents very short storage life at room temperature, in part due to heavy losses in firmness. This process is associated with the production and action of the hormone ethylene. In order to retard the ripening evolution in custard apple, fruits were treated with the competitive ethylene antagonist 1-methycyclopropene (1-MCP) at concentrations of 0, 30, 90, 270 or 810 nL L-1 for 12 h at 25ºC and then stored at 25ºC for four days. The soluble solids content (SSC), firmness and percentage of ripe fruits (firmness < 0.5kg) were determined during the experimental period. There were no differences among treatments as to the SSC. Fruits treated with 810 nL L-1 of 1-MCP showed higher firmness than the control fruits. Both , non-treated or treated fruits with 30 or 90 nL L-1 ripened faster than fruits treated with 1-MCP at higher concentrations

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