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ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze and compare intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls among women receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study of women ≥50 years receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Participants filled out questionnaires (demographic characteristics), and researchers took anthropometric measurements of bone mineral density, handgrip strength (HGS), ankle range of motion (ROM), and gait speed (GS). We also evaluated the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (SST), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and investigated the extrinsic factors for falls. Results: We included 144 participants (71.6 [8.3 years]), who reported 133 falls. We classified participants into a non-faller group (NFG; 0 falls, n = 71, 49.5%), a faller group (FG; 1 fall, n = 42, 28.9%), and a recurrent-faller group (RFG; more than 1 fall, n = 31, 21.5%). Most patients had an increased risk of falling according to the TUGT, SST, reduced ankle ROM, and GS (P < .005 for all). FES-I was associated with sporadic and recurrent falls. For the multivariate analysis, the number of falls was influenced by the presence of ramps (RR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.26-0.87, P = .015), uneven surfaces (RR 1.6, 95% CI. 1.05-2.43, P = .028), and antislippery adhesive on stairs (RR 2.75, 95% CI, 1.77-4.28, P < .001). Conclusion: Patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause falls. Lower-limb strength and power-discriminated participants at a higher risk of falls, but extrinsic factors varied. Only uneven floors and antislippery adhesives on stairs were associated with increased frequency of falls.
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ABSTRACT Stress fractures (SF) represent 10%-20% of all injuries in sport medicine. An SF occurs when abnormal and repetitive loading is applied on normal bone: The body cannot adapt quickly enough, leading to microdamage and fracture. The etiology is multifactorial with numerous risk factors involved. Diagnosis of SF can be achieved by identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors, obtaining a good history, performing a physical exam, and ordering laboratory and imaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging is the current gold standard). Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a known risk factor. In addition, for women, it is very important know the menstrual status to identify long periods of amenorrhea in the past and the present. Early detection is important to improve the chance of symptom resolution with conservative treatment. Common presentation involves complaints of localized pain, with or without swelling, and tenderness on palpation of bony structures that begins earlier in training and progressively worsens with activity over a 2- to 3-week period. Appropriate classification of SF based on type, location, grading, and low or high risk is critical in guiding treatment strategies and influencing the time to return to sport. Stress injuries at low-risk sites are typically managed conservatively. Studies have suggested that calcium and vitamin D supplementation might be helpful. Moreover, other treatment regimens are not well established. Understanding better the pathophysiology of SFs and the potential utility of current and future bone-active therapeutics may well yield approaches that could treat SFs more effectively.
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OBJETIVO: analisar a relação entre a força de preensão manual e a medida de independência funcional de idosos longevos. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo transversal, desenvolvido com 72 longevos da atenção primária de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. O levantamento de dados ocorreu entre agosto e dezembro de 2015. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e de associação entre variáveis. RESULTADOS: 22 (30,6%) longevos apresentaram redução da força de preensão manual; e quanto à medida de independência funcional, 51 (70,8%) eram independentes e 21 (29,2%) moderadamente dependentes. Houve associação significativa entre a força de preensão manual e a medida de independência funcional cognitiva (p=0,021). DISCUSSÃO: são fundamentais os cuidados gerontológicos relacionados à prática de atividade física e participação em oficinas de estimulação cognitiva, adaptados à escolaridade dos longevos. CONCLUSÃO: diante da associação entre a funcionalidade e a força de preensão manual, recomenda-se a avaliação desses aspectos nas consultas de enfermagem aos longevos, em diferentes contextos de atendimento
AIM: to analyze the relationship between the manual grip strength and the functional independence measure of long-lived elderly. METHOD: a cross-sectional quantitative study, developed with 72 patients from primary care in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Data were collected between August and December 2015. Descriptive and association analyzes were performed between variables. RESULTS: 22 (30.6%) had a decrease in manual grip strength; and regarding functional independence, 51 (70.8%) were independent and 21 (29.2%) were moderately dependent. There was a significant association between the manual grip strength and the cognitive functional independence measure (p=0.021). DISCUSSION: the gerontological care related to the practice of physical activity and participation in workshops of cognitive stimulation adapted to the schooling of the long-lived elderly people is fundamental. CONCLUSION: considering the association between the functionality and the manual grip strength, it is recommended to evaluate these aspects in the nursing consultations of the long-lived elderly, in different contexts of care
OBJETIVO: analizar la relación entre la fuerza de presión manual y la medida de independencia funcional de ancianos longevos. MÉTODO: estudio cuantitativo transversal, desarrollado con 72 longevos de la atención primaria de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron entre agosto y diciembre de 2015. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de asociación entre las variables. RESULTADOS: 22 (30,6%) longevos presentaron reducción de la fuerza de presión manual; y referente a la medida de independencia funcional, 51 (70,8%) eran independientes y 21 (29,2%) moderadamente dependientes. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la fuerza de presión manual y la medida de independencia funcional cognitiva (p=0,021). DISCUSIÓN: son fundamentales los cuidados gerontológicos relacionados a la práctica de actividad física y participación en talleres de estimulación cognitiva, adaptados a la escolaridad de los longevos. CONCLUSIÓN: debido a la asociación entre la funcionalidad y la fuerza de presión manual, se recomienda que se les evalúen esos aspectos en las consultas de enfermería a los longevos, en diferentes contextos de atendimiento