ABSTRACT
Abstract The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) is a multidimensional measure of threat appraisals associated with one's fear of failure. Whilst emerging research has supported the validity and reliability of the PFAI with North American and British sport participants, its psychometric proprieties remain untested within Portuguese samples. This study examined the psychometric proprieties of the PFAI with a sample of 556 Portuguese athletes. A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test whether the proposed multi-factorial structure of the PFAI fits well the Portuguese data.All factors displayed good internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Multi-group analysis revealed cross-validity and the models' invariance. The correlations between fear of failure and sport anxiety measures revealed evidence of its concurrent validity. The PFAIappears to be a psychometrically sound measure anda valid and reliable tool for assessing fear of failure in Portuguese sport contexts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Sports/psychology , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
Fraturas do osso malar e de órbitas, frequentes em acidentes da vida moderna, foram estudadas em 156 pacientes, a maioria dos quais eram homens, entre 20 a 40 anos, vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas e agressöes. Dificuldade em diagnosticar fraturas que apresentam poucas evidências clínicas säo comentadas e traçam-se consideraçöes sobre os sinais, sintomas e alteraçöes. Para isto, orienta-se para a exploraçäo minuciosa de qualquer evidência de fratura. Devido a frequentes lesöes oftalmológicas associadas, é aconselhado o exame oftalmológico sistemático. No tratamento foram utilizadas tanto técnica conservadora, com uso de gancho, quanto técnica cirúrgica, usando osteossíntese com fio de aço. Säo comentados aspectos das diversas terapêuticas utilizadas