ABSTRACT
La participación de mecanismos epigenéticos, junto con infecciones en etapas tempranas de la vida, moldean lesiones premalignas del cáncer, en particular el cáncer gástrico, uno de los tumores más frecuentes en Chile, Latinoamérica y el mundo. El principal objetivo de este artículo, como parte de la serie de revisiones en torno a mecanismos epigenéticos en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas, es actualizar el rol de alteraciones epigenéticas (i.e. metilación del ADN) en el contexto de la infección crónica por H. pylori en las etapas precursoras del cáncer gástrico. Las investigaciones desarrolladas en esta área permiten delinear desafíos e interrogantes, en los cuales la pediatría tiene un papel preponderante en el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y detección temprana de esta enfermedad.
The role of epigenetics and infectious diseases at early stages of life influence pre-malignant lesions of cancer, in particular, gastric cancer, one of the most frequent tumours in Chile, Latin America, and worldwide. This article examines the role of H.pylori and epigenetic alterations (i.e. DNA methylation) at early stages of gastric cancer and proposes, from the paediatric point of view, strategies for prevention and early detection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Epigenesis, Genetic , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology , Chile , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , DNA Methylation , Early Detection of Cancer/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Reprimo (RPRM), a highly glycosylated protein, is a new downstream effector of p53-induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, and a putative tumor suppressor gene frequently silenced via methylation of its promoter region in several malignances. The aim of this study was to characterize the epigenetic inactivation and its biological function in BC cell lines. METHODS: The correlation between RPRM methylation and loss of mRNA expression was assessed in six breast cancer cell lines by methylation specific PCR (MSP), 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and RT-PCR assays. MDA-MB-231 cells were chosen to investigate the phenotypic effect of RPRM in cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, cell migration and invasion. RESULTS: In the cancer methylome system (CMS) (web-based system for visualizing and analyzing genome-wide methylation data of human cancers), the CpG island region of RPRM (1.1 kb) was hypermethylated in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue; more interesting still was that ERa(+) tumors showed higher methylation intensity than ERa(-). Downregulation of RPRM mRNA by methylation was confirmed in MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cell lines. In addition, overexpression of RPRM in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in decreased rates of cell migration, wound healing and invasion in vitro. However, RPRM overexpression did not alter cell viability, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation or G2/M cell cycle transition. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that RPRM is involved in decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro, acting as a potential tumor suppressor gene in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.