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RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre resultados obtidos no Sinais Enunciativos de Aquisição da Linguagem (SEAL) e na Escala Bayley III e comparar bebês com e sem atraso na aquisição da linguagem aos 24 meses no desempenho obtido por ele e sua mãe no SEAL dos 3 aos 24 meses. Método A coleta do SEAL constou de filmagens de 45 bebês, realizadas nas faixas etárias de 3 a 24 meses em interação com suas mães, com duração de 15 minutos, que foram avaliados por duas fonoaudiólogas treinadas no uso do SEAL. Aos 24 meses, os 45 bebês foram avaliados pela Escala Bayley III e selecionado o item linguagem para classificá-los com e sem atraso. Sobre tais resultados realizaram-se as análises estatísticas com o teste de correlação de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados Obtiveram-se as médias de sinais no desenvolvimento típico que foi 18 sinais e, em casos de atraso, a média foi de 12 sinais. Na comparação da relação de presença e ausência dos sinais entre os grupos com e sem atraso na aquisição da linguagem, oito sinais do bebê e um da mãe diferiram estatisticamente na amostra. O fator materno apresentou-se tão importante quanto o infantil na compreensão do funcionamento de linguagem dos bebês na análise realizada com o SEAL nos casos de atraso. Conclusão Houve correlação significativa entre o desempenho no SEAL entre 3 e 24 meses e o desfecho de linguagem aos 24 meses avaliado pela Escala Bayley III nesta amostra.
ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the correlation between the results obtained on the SEAL and the Bayley III Scale and compare babies with and without delay in language acquisition at 24 months concerning the performance obtained by them and their mothers on the SEAL from 3 to 24 months. Methods The SEAL collection consists of 15-minute footages of 45 babies aged from 3 to 24 months old in interaction with their mothers, who were assessed by two trained speech therapists for the use of the SEAL. At 24 months, the 45 babies were assessed using the Bayley III Scale and the item language was selected to classify them with and without delay. These results were statistically analyzed through a Pearson's correlation test and a Fisher's exact test. Results In average, eighteen signs of typical development as we obtained, while a mean of 12 delay signs were found. By comparing the presence and absence of signs between the groups with and without delay in language acquisition, eight signs from the baby and one from the mother differed statistically in the sample. The analysis using the SEAL for cases of delay showed that the maternal factor was as important as the infant factor to understand the babies' language functioning. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between the SEAL performance from 3 to 24 months and the language outcome at 24 months assessed by the Bayley III Scale in this sample.
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Abstract Introduction Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) can be used to evaluate both peripheral and cortical components of auditory function, and contribute to the assessment of functional sensitivity and auditory thresholds, especially in neonates and infants. Auditory evoked potentials reflect auditory maturity and precede the acquisition of more complex auditory and cognitive skills, and are therefore crucial for speech and language development. Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the presence, latency and amplitude of CAEP components in response to verbal stimuli in children aged 2 years old. Methods The sample consisted of 19 subjects, 10 of whom were male while 9 were female. All of the participants were 24 months old at the time of assessment. Results A total of 17 of the participants displayed all components of the CAEP. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between genders or ears in the present sample. The presence of all components of the CAEP in subjects aged 2 years old confirms the existence of a critical period for the maturation of auditory pathways in the first 2 years of life. Conclusion In the present study, in addition to the P1/N1 components, it was possible to observe the presence of the CAEP P2/N2 components in individuals aged 24 months, confirming the existence of a critical period for the maturation of the auditory pathways in the first 2 years of life.
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RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a frequência de indicadores de risco em bebês nascidos pré-termo e a termo; analisar as possíveis relações entre a presença de risco para perda auditiva com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, obstétricas e risco à linguagem. Método Trata-se de um estudo de coorte longitudinal com amostra de 87 bebês. Foram coletados dados gestacionais, obstétricos e sociodemográficos das mães e dos bebês. A classificação socioeconômica das famílias foi analisada por meio do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. O risco à linguagem foi avaliado por meio dos Sinais Enunciativos de Aquisição da Linguagem e Teste Denver II. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa STATISTICA 9.1, por meio dos Testes Quiquadrado e U de Mann-Whitney, Modelo de regressão linear simples e múltiplo. Resultados A permanência em UTI neonatal (65,52%), ototóxico (48,28%), ventilação mecânica (39,66%) e hiperbilirrubinemia (46,55%) foram os indicadores de risco mais frequentes na amostra. Considerando fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e obstétricos, houve correlação entre pré-natal, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e alimentação com o risco auditivo. A aquisição e desenvolvimento de linguagem mostrou significância estatística com a varicela, HIV, Apgar e peso >1500 gramas. Conclusão Os prematuros apresentaram maior frequência de indicadores de risco, comparados aos bebês a termo. Dos fatores ambientais, o pré-natal que interfere no desfecho da idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, apgar e presença de doenças infecciosas, além da alimentação, despontaram como significativos relacionados com o desenvolvimento da audição e a aquisição da linguagem. A prematuridade foi o fator biológico relevante relacionado ao risco auditivo e linguístico.
ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the frequency of risk indicators in preterm and full-term babies; to analyze the possible relationships among the presence of risk for hearing loss with language acquisition and socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric variables. Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study, with a sample of 87 babies. Gestational, obstetric and sociodemographic data were collected from mothers and babies. The socioeconomic classification status of the families were classified using the Brazilian Criteria for Economic Classification. The risk for language was assessed using the Language Acquisition Enunciation Signs and the Denver II test. The data were analyzed using the STATISTICA 9.1 software, using the chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U tests and simple and multiple linear regression models. Results Permanence in a neonatal intensive care (65.52%), ototoxic (48.28%), mechanical ventilation (39.66%) and hyperbilirubinemia (46.55%) were the more frequent risk indicators in the sample. Regarding socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric factors, there was a correlation among prenatal care, gestational age, birth weight, feeding with hearing risk. Acquisition and development of language showed statistical significance with varicella, HIV, Apgar score and birth weight >1500 grams. Conclusion Preterm babies showed higher frequency of risk indicators compared to full-term babies. Among environmental factors, prenatal care, which interferes in the outcome of gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score and presence of infectious diseases, as well as feeding, emerged as significant factors related to hearing and language acquisition. Prematurity was the relevant biological factor related to hearing and language risk.