ABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar a existência do serviço público de radiologia odontológica em municípios da região Centro-Oeste vinculados a uma Superintendência Regional de Saúde (SRS) de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e a partir daí conhecer o funcionamento do serviço ou o potencial funcionamento caso fosse implantado. Método: o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se questionário aos coordenadores municipais de Saúde Bucal. A análise estatística descritiva foi desenvolvida no SPSS. Participaram 50 municípios de 55 vinculados a uma mesma SRS. Resultados: dos municípios participantes, 27 ofertavam o serviço radiológico em odontologia no setor público e 23 não ofertavam esse serviço. Entre os municípios que oferecem o serviço, 81,5% contam com um aparelho próprio, 11,1% utilizam todas as medidas de radioproteção, 96,3% ofertam a radiografia periapical, sem restrição para indicação (70,4%) e quantidade (96,3%). Dos municípios que não possuem o serviço radiológico público, para grande parte, apenas um aparelho próprio seria suficiente para instalação do serviço (59,1%). A maioria dos coordenadores afirmou que a radiologia ajuda muito na qualidade do serviço odontológico (87,0%), no entanto, somente uma minoria (21,7%) pretendia instalar o serviço. Conclusões: a oferta do serviço de radiologia odontológica no setor público não é uma realidade para todos os municípios avaliados. Dos que ofertam o serviço radiológico, a maioria não segue as legislações brasileiras na adoção de todas as medidas de radioproteção.
Objective: To identify the existence of public dental radiology municipalities in the Midwest region linked to a Regional Superintendent of Health (SRS) of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and from there to understand the operation of the service or the potential operation if it was deployed. Method: The study was approved by the Research Ethics. For data collection questionnaire was applied to municipal coordinators of Oral Health. Descriptive statistical analysis was developed in SPSS. Participated in 50 municipalities of 55 bound to the same SRS. Results: participating municipalities, 27 ofertavam dental radiology service in the public sector and 23 not ofertavam this service. Among the municipalities offering the service, 81.5% have an apparatus, 11.1% use all measures of radioprotection, 96.3% tender the periapical without restriction indication (70.4%) and quantity (96.3%). Municipalities that do not have radiological public service, for the most part, only an apparatus would be enough to install the service (59.1%). Most coordinators said the radiology helps a lot on the quality of dental services (87.0%), however, only a minority (21.7%) planned to install the service. Conclusions: The provision of dental radiology service in the public sector is not a reality for all municipalities assessed. That offer the service of radiological, most do not follow the laws Brazilian adoption of all measures of radioprotection.
ABSTRACT
Studies were undertaken on the phlebotomines in the municipalities of Bujari, Xapuri and Rio Branco in the state of Acre. The abundance of species on the ground and in the tree canopy was estimated by Standardized Index of Species Abundance. Of the 52 species identified, Lutzomyia (N.) antunesi, Lutzomyia (N.) whitmani, Lutzomyia (P.) davisi, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia (N.) umbratilis, Lutzomyia (N.) flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia (T.) ubiqui-talis, Lutzomyia (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, Lutzomyia (P.) paraensis and Lutzomyia (P.) ayrozai are known to be vectors of Leishmania, the causative agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lutzomyia (T.) auraensis, Lu. (N.) antunesi, Lu. (N.) whitmani and Lu. (P.) davisi accounted for 66.95 percent of the specimens collected. Lu. (N.) whitmani was the most abundant species, followed by Lu. (N.) antunesi and Lu. (P.) davisi. Lu. (N.) antunesi was the most abundant species in the soil as well as in the canopy. Lu. (N.) umbratilis occurred in all three municipalities and was the fifth most abundant species in the Chico Mendes Municipal Park in Rio Branco. It was collected on both the ground level as well as in the canopy; however, it was more frequently collected in the tree canopy. The present study suggests the existence of three transmission cycles of Leishmania in Acre, including the transmission of Leishmania (V.) guyanensis by Lu. (N.) umbratilis south of the Amazon River.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Insect Vectors/classification , Psychodidae/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Ecosystem , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Population DensityABSTRACT
The sand fly fauna in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was investigated in different habitats ranging from sylvatic areas to those altered by human activity related to ecotourism, specifically identifying species that have been suggested as potential leishmaniasis vectors. Sand flies were captured from June 2002 to March 2004, using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. A total of 1,256 sand fly specimens were captured, from species belonging to genera Lutzomyia and Brumptomyia: Brumptomyia guimaraesi, B. troglodytes, Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) amarali, L. lanei, L. migonei, L. sallesi, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. (Pintomyia) pessoai, L. (P.) bianchigalatie, L. rupicola, L. (Psathyromyia) shannoni, L. pascalei, L. (Psychodopygus) matosi, L. (P.) davisi, L. (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, L. (P.) ayrozai, L. peresi, L. monticola, and L. misionensis. Worthy of special attention were four species that are considered potential vectors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: L. ayrozai, L. hirsuta hirsuta, L. migonei, and L. davisi, representing 19.19 percent of the specimens captured in this study.
A fauna flebotomínica do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foi investigada, em diferentes ambientes, envolvendo áreas silvestres e os ambientes ecologicamente alterados, principalmente por atividades ligadas ao ecoturismo, identificando espécies potencialmente vetoras de leishmanioses. As coletas de flebotomíneos foram realizadas no referido parque, no período de junho de 2002 a março de 2004, com armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC e armadilha de Shannon. Foram coletados 1.256 flebotomíneos, correspondendo às seguintes espécies: Brumptomyia guimaraesi, B. troglodytes, Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) amarali, L. lanei, L. migonei, L. sallesi, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. (Pintomyia) pessoai, L. (P.) bianchigalatie, L. rupicola, L. (Psathyromyia) shannoni, L. pascalei, L. (Psychodopygus) matosi, L. (P.) davisi, L. (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, L. (P.) ayrozai, L. peresi, L. monticola e L. misionensis. Merecem especial atenção por sua importância epidemiológica L.ayrozai, L. hirsuta hirsuta, L. migonei e L. davisi, representando 19,19 por cento dos exemplares capturados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Disease Vectors , Leishmaniasis , Pest Control, Biological , Psychodidae , Brazil , Fauna , Insect VectorsABSTRACT
The aim of the present study, in view of the widespread geographical distribution of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani s.l. in Brazil, in close association with the regions of transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) shawi, is to investigate the distribution of this sand fly species and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in relationship to vegetation and landscape ecology throughout Brazil. Thematic maps were elaborated by the MapInfo programme, giving information on the spatial distribution of L. whitmani s.l., in accordance with types of vegetation and foci of ACL. With regards to the known areas of transmission of ACL in Brazil, it is notable that L. (N.) whitmani s.l. occurs in most of them, where it has been implicated as a possible vector of L. (V.) braziliensis. The presence of L. whitmani s.l. has been registered in 26 states, the one exception being Santa Catarina; in some states such as Roraima, Acre, Tocantins, and Mato Grosso do Sul this sand fly species has been recorded in a large number of municipalities. L. whitmani s.l. has been found in association with a variety of vegetation types, including the Amazonian forest, savanna ("campos cerrados"), and northeastern savanna ("caatingas nordestinas" or "savana estépica").
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Geography , Insect Vectors/physiology , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Psychodidae/physiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Ecosystem , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Population Dynamics , Psychodidae/parasitology , TreesABSTRACT
Peixoto de Azevedo is located in the north of State of Mato Grosso, where environmental alterations led to an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 80s. The parasite from patients was characterized as Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the sand fly ecology of Central-West Brazil. Captures were carried out monthly using CDC light traps. Twenty-six species of sand fly were characterized; among which Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) spathotrichia, L. runoides and L. (Psychodopygus) llanosmartinsi were recorded in the State of Mato Grosso for the first time. L. (Nyssomyia) whitmani, L. (N.) antunesi, L. (L.) spathotrichia, L. (P.) c. carrerai, L. (P.) complexa, L. (P.) lainsoni and L. (N.) umbratilis constituted 92.4 percent of the local fauna, among which L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi, accounting for about 53 percent of the fauna at the stations of capture. On the vertical distribution of sand flies on the Beira-Rio Farm, L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi prevailed at ground level and in the canopy, respectively, whereas on the BR-080, L. (P.) llanosmartinsi was prevalent on the ground and L. (P.) c. carrerai, in the canopy. It is suggested that L. (N.) umbratilis is the local vector