ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Perinatally HIV-infected children are surviving into adulthood, and getting pregnant. There is a scarcity of information on health and pregnancy outcomes in these women. Aim: To evaluate characteristics related to HIV disease and pregnancy outcomes in perinatally infected women, and to compare these women with a group of youth with behaviorally acquired HIV-infection, at a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A cohort study. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between perinatally (PHIV) and behaviorally HIV-infected (BHIV) pregnant youth with the primary aim to study pregnancy outcomes in the PHIV group and compare with outcomes to BHIV group. Results: Thirty-two pregnancies occurred in PHIV group, and 595 in BHIV group. A total of seven (22%) PHIV women and 64 (11%) BHIV women had a premature delivery (p = 0.04), however, when adjusting for younger age at pregnancy, and antiretroviral therapy initiation in 1st trimester of pregnancy (OR = 18.66, 95%CI = 5.52-63.14), the difference was no longer significant. No cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) were observed in the PHIV group while there was a 2% MTCT rate in BHIV group. Conclusion: Pregnancy among PHIV was as safe as among BHIV. The differences between those groups were probably related to treatment and prolonged care in the first group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/transmission , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Unsafe SexABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the HIV vertical transmission rate (VTR) and associated risk factors by use of zidovudine and infant care education in Brazil. Methods: Since 1995, a prospective cohort of HIV infected pregnant womwn has been followed at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. A multidisciplinary team was established to implement the best available strategy to prevent maternal-infant HIV transmission. Patients with AIDS or low CD4 and high viral load received anti-retroviral drugs in addition to zidovudine. Children were considered infected if they had 2 positive PCR-RNA test between 1 and 4 months of age, or were HIV antibody positive after 18 months. Education regarding infant treatment and use of formula insteadof breast feeding was provided. Results: Between 199 and August, 2000. HIV status was determined for 145 infants. Compliance with intra-partum treatment, infant treatment and use of formula was 88.2 percent. Intra-partum zidovudine treatment was completed in 134/145 (92.6 percent) of patients; 88.1 percent had rupture of membranes < 4 hours; 85.4 percent of mothers were asymptomatic. The mean CD4 count was 428,4 cells and mean viral load 39,050 copies. HIV vertical transmission rate was 4/145 (2.75 percent; CI: 0.1 percent - 5.4 percent). The only risk factor significantly associated with transmission was a failure to use zidovudine intra-partum in 2 of the 4 mothers (50 percent versus 6.4 percent in non-transmitting mothers). A trend toward low CD4 and high viral load at entry, and rupture of membranes > 4 hours were associated with increased HIV transmission. Conclusion: HIV vertical transmission in Brazil was reduced to a level similar to other countries with the most effective prevention programs using a multidisciplinary team approach. A high levelof compliance for use of anti-retroviral drugs, the provision of health education to mothers, and use of formula for all exposed infants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , HIV-1 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Patient Care Team , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Zidovudine , Health Education , Maternal and Child Health , Risk Factors , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Avalia a qualidade da assistência ao trabalho de parto prematuro, utilizando referentes, indicadores e padröes derivados de evidências científicas - ensaios clínicos controlados e meta-análises -, tomando como caso a corticoterapia anteparto. Foram analisados dados de sumários de alta relativos a sete maternidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro. O padräo utilizado para a análise de processo foi de 100 por cento. Näo foi possível estimar padröes de resultado - incidência esperada de síndrome de angústia respiratória e mortalidade neonatal - para os referentes previstos, em razäo da impossibilidade de ajustar os resultados para idade gestacional, poderoso fator interveniente. A utilizaçäo da corticoterapia antenatal pelos serviços analisados foi irrisória, cerca de 4 por cento e 2 por cento, para os referentes relativos a pacientes com menos de 34 semanas e com até 36 semanas de idade gestacional, respectivamente. A falha no uso da corticoterapia antenatal quando indicada merece a atençäo de planejadores e gestores do setor, tendo em vista a fácil incorporaçäo de tal tecnologia, bem como os benefícios e os custos desta, em comparaçäo com aqueles associados à assistência neonatal a bebês prematuros.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Obstetric Labor, PrematureABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do atendimento ao trabalho de parto prematuro em maternidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando referentes, indicadores e padrões de processo e de resultado derivados de evidências científicas. Na análise de processo, o padrão utilizado para o uso de tocolíticos betamiméticos foi de 100 por cento, considerando os referentes derivados. Na análise de resultados, o padrão foi a ocorrência de parto prematuro em 11 por cento das pacientes dentro de 24 h e em 24 por cento dentro de 48 h da admissão hospitalar. O uso de tocolíticos ocorreu em 18,7 por cento das pacientes admitidas em trabalho de parto prematuro. Na faixa de idade gestacional de 28 a 33 semanas e seis dias, especialmente importante para a sobrevivência neonatal, o uso de tocolíticos foi feito em 32,6 por cento das pacientes. Parto prematuro ocorreu em 59 percet das pacientes dentro de 24 h e em 64 percent das pacientes dentro de 48 h da admissão, resultados consistentes com o baixo uso de tocolíticos observado. A efetividade da assistência ao trabalho de parto prematuro, medida pela taxa de nascimentos prematuros, foi baixa. Os achados das correspondentes análises de processo e resultado foram consistentes
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Obstetric Labor, Premature/drug therapy , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Tocolysis/standards , Tocolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Gestational Age , Labor, Obstetric/drug effects , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Time Factors , Tocolytic Agents/pharmacologySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Ambulatory Care , Contraception , Critical Pathways , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , HIV Antibodies , HIV Seropositivity , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Patient Care Team , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Prenatal Care , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/embryology , Women's Health , Clinical Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Handbook , Parturition , Risk Factors , Toxoplasmosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , ZidovudineABSTRACT
Os autores fazem uma revisäo atualizada dos aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e profiláticos que envolvem a infecçäo pelo HIV nas mulheres e gestantes. Discutem as diversas modalidades profiláticas disponíveis, com ênfase especial no uso de zidovudina como prevençäo da transmissäo vertical do HIV.