ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El suicidio se considera un importante problema de salud y un verdadero drama existencial del hombre. Con el objetivo de identificar algunos factores de riesgo que se asociaron al intento suicida en adolescentes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente "General Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo" en el período comprendido del 1ro enero 2018 al 31 diciembre 2019, en Granma, se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de caso y control que investigó la asociación entre el intento suicida y factores de riesgo demográficos, biológicos, socioambientales y otros relacionados con la familia. Se seleccionaron 30 casos y 60 controles. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos y se calculó el Odd Ratio. En el análisis univariado la edad (OR=1,000, IC=0,371-2,694, p=1,000) y el sexo (OR=1,000, IC=0,334-2.991, p=1,000) no tuvieron relación con el riesgo de intento suicida. Los antecedentes personales de ansiedad (OR=6,000, IC=1,668-21.582, p=0,003) y depresión (OR=3,500, IC=1,345-9,107, p=0,008); los problemas de pareja (OR=25,375, IC=5,218-123,391p=0,000); el rechazo escolar (OR=39,333, IC=4,782-323,509, p=0,000) y los antecedentes familiares de depresión (OR=11,800, IC=1,310-106,217, p=0,007) y ansiedad (OR=14,500, IC=2,920-71,891, p=0,000) contribuyeron al riesgo de intento suicida en adolescentes. El antecedente personal de epilepsia, el antecedente familiar de alcoholismo y de suicidio en la familia no tuvieron relación estadística significativa. Los resultados obtenidos advierten sobre las posibilidades preventivas que pueden resultar viables para disminuir la incidencia de la entidad.
ABSTRACT Suicide is considered a major health problem and a true existential drama of man. In order to identify some risk factors that were associated with suicide attempts in adolescents admitted to the intensive care unit of the Provincial Pediatric Teaching General Hospital Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo" in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, in Granma, an analytical observational case-control study was carried out that investigated the association between the suicide attempt and demographic, biological, socio-environmental and other risk factors. family related. 30 cases and 60 controls were selected. Theoretical and empirical methods were used and the Odd Ratio was calculated. In the univariate analysis, age (OR = 1,000, CI = 0.371-2.694, p = 1,000) and sex (OR = 1,000, CI = 0.334-2.991, p = 1,000) were not related to the risk of suicide attempt. The personal history of anxiety (OR = 6,000, CI = 1,668-21,582, p = 0.003) and depression (OR = 3,500, CI = 1,345-9.107, p = 0.008); relationship problems (OR = 25.375, CI = 5.218-123.391p = 0.000); school refusal (OR = 39.333, CI = 4.782-323.509, p = 0.000) and family history of depression (OR = 11.800, CI = 1.310-106.217, p = 0.007) and anxiety (OR = 14.500, CI = 2.920- 71.891, p = 0.000) contributed to the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents. The personal history of epilepsy, the family history of alcoholism and suicide in the family did not have a significant statistical relationship. The results obtained warn about the preventive possibilities that may be viable to reduce the incidence of the entity.
RESUMO O suicídio é considerado um grande problema de saúde e um verdadeiro drama existencial do homem. A fim de identificar alguns fatores de risco associados à tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva do Hospital Geral Provincial de Pediatria Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo "no período de 1º de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2019, no Granma, foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico caso-controle que investigou a associação da tentativa de suicídio com dados demográficos, biológicos, socioambientais e outros fatores de risco relacionados à família. 30 casos e 60 controles foram selecionados. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos e calculada a Odd Ratio. Na análise univariada, idade (OR = 1.000, IC = 0,371-2,694, p = 1.000) e sexo (OR = 1.000, IC = 0,334-2,991, p = 1.000) não foram relacionados ao risco de tentativa de suicídio. A história pessoal de ansiedade (OR = 6.000, IC = 1.668-21.582, p = 0,003) e depressão (OR = 3.500, IC = 1.345-9,107, p = 0,008); problemas de relacionamento (OR = 25,375, CI = 5,218-123,391p = 0,000); recusa escolar (OR = 39,333, IC = 4,782-323,509, p = 0,000) e história familiar de depressão (OR = 11,800, IC = 1,310-106,217, p = 0,007) e ansiedade (OR = 14,500, IC = 2,920-71,891, p = 0,000) contribuiu para o risco de tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes. A história pessoal de epilepsia, a história familiar de alcoolismo e suicídio na família não tiveram relação estatística significativa. Os resultados obtidos alertam sobre as possibilidades preventivas que podem ser viáveis para reduzir a incidência da entidade.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Resultan innegables los beneficios que ofrece la lactancia materna exclusiva tanto para los hijos como para la madre, a corto y largo plazo. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento de variables socio epidemiológicas que se presentan en torno a la utilización de lactancia materna, en el Policlínico Bayamo Oeste, en el período comprendido entre enero- diciembre del 2017. La muestra estuvo constituida por309 madres. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos como el análisis y síntesis e inductivo deductivo; además de la técnica de encuesta. Se identificó que el grupo de edad más representativo agrupa las mujeres menores de 20 años (66, 4 %). En el análisis de la distribución de la población según el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva hubo un predominio en el abandono de la lactancia del grupo comprendido de 0-4 meses de edad (69, 5 %). En el motivo que generó el abandono predominaron los problemas de lactancia y la fuente de consejo no profesional (37,2 %). Las enfermedades más frecuentes padecidas por los niños en correspondencia con tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva fueron las diarreicas (85, 05 %) seguidas de las respiratorias. Se recomienda desarrollar y perfeccionar estrategias informativas y educativas sobre estos temas a la población en riesgo.
ABSTRACT The benefits that offer the exclusive maternal lactation are undeniable for children and mothers in a brief and long term. An observational, descriptive and transversal study was carried out with the purpose of characterizing the behavior of some socio epidemiological variables related to the use of the maternal lactation in Bayamo Oeste policlinic during the included period of January-December, 2017.The sample was constituted by 309 mothers. Theoretical, empirical methods such as Analysis -Synthesis and Inductive-Deductive were used, and the survey technique. The most representative group of work was identified among women under age of 20 years, which constituted a 66, 4%.In the analysis of the distribution of the population, according to the period of exclusive maternal lactation, showed a prevalence of abandonment in the lactation in the group included from 0-4 months of age for a 69,5%.Within the main reasons for the abandonment of exclusive maternal lactation, prevailed lactation problems and its abandonment because of a non-professional advise for a 37,2%. The most frequent diseases suffered by children in correspondence with the period of exclusive maternal lactation were diarrheic diseases for a 85, 05% and respiratory diseases. It is recommendable to develop and improve educative and informative strategies about these themes to the population in risk.