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1.
Rev. psiquiatr. (Santiago de Chile) ; 16(4): 208-14, oct.-dic. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263586

ABSTRACT

Mediante una investigación bibliográfica, se revisan estudios en diferentes lugares del mundo y se analizan cómo influyen los contextos sociales, políticos y económicos, las diferentes culturas y actitudes en la evolución y pronóstico de la esquizofrenia. Los síntomas de la esquizofrenia están presentes en todas las culturas, aproximadamente en la misma proporción. Sin embargo, la incidencia, prevalencia y recuperabilidad de la esquizofrenia varían por la influencia y la interacción de diversos factores como el nivel socioeconómico, el mercado laboral, el contexto urbano o rural, las relaciones familiares, especialmenteel matrimonio, el estigma y el aislamiento social y otros. Por otra parte, el curso y pronóstico de la esquizofrenia es mejor en países en desarrollo. Este resultado paradójico -ya que los pacientes de países industrializados generalmente reciben más ayuda técnica que los de países en desarrollo- es lo que se analiza en este trabajo


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Social Isolation , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Health Care Reform , Family Relations , Socioeconomic Factors , Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 87(supl.4): 81-5, 1992. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-125631

ABSTRACT

Cytokines are important in the cell-mediated response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs. We have found that Th2 cytokine responses (e.G. IL-4 and IL-5) are argumented after egg laying begins while the response (IL-2 and IFN-*) are down regulated in S. mansoni infected mice. Treatment of mice with anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies (Mab) suppressed the eosinophil response almost completley but did not affect granuloma size and slightly increased hepatic fibrosis. Anti-IL-4 treatment abolished IgE responses in infected mice and decreased hepatic fibrosis slightly. Anti-IFN-* treatment had no effect on hepatic pathology. Anti-IL-2 treatment decreased granuloma size significantly and decreased hepatic fibrosis markedly. Anti-IL-2 treatment dramatically decreased IL-5 secretion by splenic cells in vitro and decreased peripheral blood and tissue eosinophilia. In contrast IL-4 secretion was unaffected and serum IgE was normal or increased. IL-2 and IFN-* secretion by splenic cells of treated mice were slightly but not significantly increased suggesting that anti-IL-2 treatment affecting Th2 rather than Th1 responses


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Interleukins , Schistosoma mansoni/pathogenicity
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