ABSTRACT
Patients with AIDS have a high incidence of skin problems due to the immunosuppression and malnourishment that are inherent to the progression of this disease. Clinical manifestation of these skin lesions and their severity are different in AIDS patients. We made a prospective study of five cases of measles in children with HIV infection during a community outbreak, and there were typical as well as atypical forms of the disease, including one case with negative serology. There were pulmonary complications, but none of the patients died. The anti-retroviral treatment may have contributed to the decrease in measles morbidity in these pediatric AIDS patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , HIV Infections , Measles , Anti-HIV Agents , Antibodies, Viral , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Disease Outbreaks , Flow Cytometry , HIV Infections , Measles , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Viral LoadABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to detect neurological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. This was achieved by a prospective evaluation, from November/1995 to April/2000, of 43 HIV infected children (group I) and 40 HIV seroreverters children (group II) through neurological exam and neurodevelopmental tests: Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and Clinical Adaptive Test / Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS). A control group (III), of 67 children, were evaluated by CAT/CLAMS. Hyperactivity, irritability and hypotonia were the findings on neurological examination, without statistical differences between group I and II. On CAT/CLAMS, the group I developmental quotient (DQ) was significantly lower than the other groups. The same occurred in DDST, with group I presenting significantly more failures than group II. Nineteen HIV children of group I had brain computed tomographic scan, with abnormalities in three of them (basal ganglia calcification, white matter hypodensity and asymmetry of lateral ventricles). We conclude that in HIV infected children a neurodevelopment delay occur early in the disease, and it can be detected by screening tests
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Case-Control Studies , Child Development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hearing Tests , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Seronegativity , Language Development , Neuropsychological Tests , Prospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A dilataçäo aneurismática dos vasos do polígono de Willis é manifestaçäo incomum da infecçäo pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV), tendo sido relatados, até o momento, 15 casos na literatura. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar um novo caso dessa apresentaçäo rara, além de revisar aspectos importantes relacionados à mesma. Um paciente, do sexo masculino, 6 anos de idade, com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) de transmissäo perinatal e tetraparesia, desenvolveu sintomas caracterizados por episódios de crises distônicas. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio, que inicialmente era normal, mostrou dilataçäo aneurismática dos vasos do polígono de Willis. A revisäo de literatura demonstra que os principais achados patológicos em casos similares, säo, principalmente, fibrose de camada média com destruiçäo da lâmina interna e hiperplasia da íntima. A etiologia da vasculite näo é conhecida, acreditando-se que o vírus da varicela-zoster e o próprio HIV possam estar relacionados à mesma. Conclui-se que, apesar de incomum, tal complicaçäo apresenta grande importância pelo fato dos aneurismas colocarem esses pacientes em grupo de alto risco para acidentes vasculares. A sobrevida relatada na literatura é de menos de 6 meses após o diagnóstico da arteriopatia aneurismática cerebral