ABSTRACT
Accidental envenomation caused by Tityus serrulatus scorpions is very common in Brazil and may result in serious cardiorespiratory alterations that are frequently fatal to children. In the present study, the effects of T. serrulatus venom on the cardiorespiratory system of recently weaned male Wistar rats were evaluated. Fifteen animals were distributed into three groups (n = 5). The control group A received 400 miuL ultrapure water by subcutaneous injection, while the experimental groups B and C were injected with scorpion venom (100 and 450 miug, respectively, in 400 miuL water). Electrocardiogram (ECG) traces were obtained prior to the experiment, at five-minute intervals up to 30 minutes after treatment. At 40 minutes after envenomation, the animals had severe acute symptoms and were subsequently anesthetized for blood collection by means of intracardiac puncture. Biochemical profiles for the cardiac muscle were established by colorimetric analysis of creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzyme. Semiquantitative analysis of troponin was performed using the immunochromatographic assay. Following euthanasia, the lungs and hearts were removed and subjected to histopathological examination. All experimental animals had ECG alterations compatible with electrolytic imbalance, myocarditis and alterations of the cardiac conduction system. Envenomed animals had accentuated bradycardia at 25 and 30 minutes after venom inoculation. All experimental animals had myocardial lesions, which were confirmed by increased serum levels of CK and CK-MB, although there were no alterations in the serum concentration of troponin. Pulmonary hemorrhage was detected in whole lungs and microscopically confirmed by the presence of congested capillaries and erythrocytes in the alveolar parenchyma. In conclusion, T. serrulatus venom caused great cardiorespiratory damage to weaned rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Creatine Kinase , Creatine Kinase, MB Form , Rats, Wistar , Scorpion Venoms , TroponinABSTRACT
The prevalence of insulin resistance and risk factors for chronic diseases is not known in Colombia. The purpose of the study was of determine the association of insulin resistance and risk of chronic diseases in young, apparently healthy adults. By convenience, 97 subjects, mean age of 24 years were studied. Family and personal history, anthropometrics, lipid profile, and a short insulin tolerance test was done to each subject to identify prevalence o insulin resistance and its association with risk factors. Plasma lipids and anthropometrics were within acceptable range. Insulin sensitivity was categorized as high, border high, border low and low. Out of 97 subjects 47 had altered sensitivity. Most women (68%) were classified as border low, and most men (60%) as low. There was a difference between these two categories in waist circumference and weight. Border low and low cases had not less than 3 risk factors but the total number of factors was not different within the 4 groups. More than 50% of cases had family history of chronic diseases, sedentary life and low C-HDL. There was a negative association between insulin sensitivity and fasting Glycaemia and positive with fasting triglycerides, BMI, Waist hip ratio and weight. Results suggest a surprisingly high prevalence of risk factors in a young group associated with altered insulin sensitivity. It may be possible to identify early indicators of risk and develop appropriate strategies for prevention.
En Colombia se desconoce la prevalencia de resistencia a insulina(RI) y factores de riesgo(FR) para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles(ECNT). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar asociación entre FR de ECNT y el grado de sensibilidad a insulina (SI)I en adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 97 sujetos (24±4.66 años), de quienes se obtuvo historia familiar y personal, antropometría, perfil lipídico y se practicó Test Corto de Tolerancia a Insulina para determinar prevalencia de RI y factores de riesgo asociados. La media del perfil lipídico y la antropometría estuvieron dentro de límites de referencia. La SI se categorizó en Alta, Media-Alta, Media-Baja y Baja, 51% de mujeres y 41% de hombres se ubicaron en los grupos de menor sensibilidad. Se encontró diferencia entre la circunferencia de cintura y peso entre sujetos con SI Baja y Media-Baja y SI Media Alta y Alta. Los grupos con Media-Baja y Baja presentaron como mínimo tres FR. Mas del 50% de los casos con antecedentes familiares de ECNT, sedentarismo, bajo C-HDL. Asociación negativa entre SI y glucosa en ayunas y positiva de triglicéridos en ayunas con el Índice de masa corporal, relación cintura cadera y peso. Los resultados muestran una presencia elevada de FR para el desarrollo de ECNT en población joven asociada a una prevalencia de disminución de la SI mayor que la reportada, permitirán proponer indicadores tempranos para detectar personas a riesgo y utilizar estrategias de prevención adecuadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Insulin Resistance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Glucose Tolerance Test , Regression Analysis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Se determino la probabilidad de confirmar el diagnostico de 40 portadores obligatorios (conocidos) de hemofilia clasica, por medio de las determinaciones del factor VIII procoagulante (VIII:C) y del factor VIII antigenico (VIIIR:Ag), al comparar sus resultados con los de 20 controles normales. En las portadoras obligatorias, estuvo disminuido el valor promedio de VIII:C a 61.6 U/dl, D.E. 88.43 U/dl (p < 0.005); estuvo aumentado el valor promedio de VIIIR:Ag hasta 158.6 U/dl, D.E. 107.46 U/dl (p < 0.005), y el promedio del indice de la relacion media de VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag estuvo disminuido a 0.42 D.E. 0.19 (valor normal de 0.93, D.E. 0.26, p < 0.005). Por medio de este indice, fue posible identificar al 80% de las portadoras obligatorias de hemofilia A, y tambien con el analisis de discriminantes solo al 80%.Se comenta, que 8 de los 40 casos de las portadoras obligatorias de hemofilia A de este estudio, no pudieron confirmarse con estas investigaciones, por lo que cuando se hace la busqueda de una portadora no conocida, miembro de una familia hemofilica, un resultado negativo con estos estudios, debe de interpretarse con mucha cautela