Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de la licenciatura en enfemeria de tres instituciones de educación superior en México / Learning styles in nursing degree students from three higher education institutions in Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN. La sociedad actual demanda de enfermeros que desarrollen la autonomía necesaria para la resolución de problemas, la planificación, el seguimiento y la evaluación de su propio desempeño. Esta autonomía proviene del aprendizaje permanente. OBJETIVO. Determinar los Estilos de Aprendizaje predominantes entre los estudiantes de primer año matriculados en tres instituciones de educación superior en México para cursar la carrera de enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo y multicéntrico con un diseño descriptivo, y una muestra no probabilística. Para identificar los Estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes se utilizó el cuestionario VARK, con coeficiente alfa de Cronbach osciló entre 0.77 y 0.85. La escala fue digitalizada y programada mediante la herramienta Formulario de Google Drive. Se obtuvo un dictamen favorable por el comité de ética de las instituciones. Los resultados se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25.0. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 305 cuestionarios, donde 88,63 % fueron mujeres. El estilo de aprendizaje más preponderante fue el Quinestésico (30.39 %), seguido por el Lectura/Escritura (27.42 %), auditivo (26,58 %) y visual (15.61 %). De acuerdo con el estilo modal más del 50 % son multimodales. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados muestran que es fundamental contar con datos tanto individuales como grupales de los estudiantes para pensar estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje que tengan en cuenta las preferencias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y la orientación temática del orden disciplinario, desde su ingreso a la universidad.

INTRODUCTION. Today's society demands that nurses develop the necessary autonomy to solve problems, plan, monitor and evaluate their own performance. This autonomy comes from lifelong learning. AIM. To determine the predominant learning styles among first-year nursing students enrolled in three higher education institutions in Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative and multicenter study with a descriptive designand a non-probabilistic sample. To identify the learning styles of the students, the VARK questionnaire was used, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranging between 0.77 and 0.85. The scale was digitized and programmed using the Google Drive Form tool. A favorable opinion was obtained by the ethics committee of each institution. The results were processed in the statistical program SPSS, version 25.0. RESULTS: 305 questionnaires were completed by respondents, 88.63% of which were women. The most predominant learning style was kinesthetic (30.39%), followed by reading/writing (27.42%), auditory (26.58%) and visual (15.61%). As to the modal style, more than 50% were multimodal. CONCLUSION: The results show that it is essential to have both individual and group data related to students so that teaching and learning strategies can take into account their learning preferences, as well as the thematic orientation of the discipline of nursing, from the time of their admission to the university.

Emotional intelligence characterization in university students at a nutrition bachelor's degree / Caracterización de la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios del área de nutrición

Abstract Objective: Identify the levels of emotional intelligence possessed by students of a Bachelor of Nutrition degree at a university in southeastern Mexico. Materials and methods: According to reviewed documental sources this is a quantitative study, with a descriptive non-experimental approach. In this research, a validated Salovery and Meyer TMMS-24, adapted to Spanish, was applied; this instrument consists of 24 items, subdivided into three subscales or dimensions of the Likert type made up of five items. The sampling was non- probabilistic, including 172 university students, who accepted the terms of the informed consent. For data analysis, the SPSS v.25 program was executed to assembly the information obtained through descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, median and percentage) and variability measures (range, standard deviation and variance). A t-Student test was performed for the analysis of means according to the levels, with a p value <0.005 to determine statistically significant differences. Results: 52.91% of the students are located at a level of "adequate attention", but 47.1% must improve. In relation to the level of understanding, 43.60% have adequate clarity in this sphere of emotional intelligence, while 56.60% must improve this component and 52.33% have adequate regulation, while 47.67% must improve. No statistically significant differences were found; as well as there were no differences in the means between both genders (p = ≥0.05). Conclusions: The study population showed an adequate management level of their emotional intelligence, being emotional perception the one that is presented more frequently as adequate, however, the clarity of feelings presents the lowest levels, so It is evident the need to carry out intervention programs in university students to promote further development of the dimensions that make up emotional intelligence.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de inteligencia emocional en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Nutrición de una universidad en el sureste de México. Materiales y método: Es un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental descriptivo. En la investigación se aplicó el TMMS-24 de Salovery y Mayer, adaptada al español; dicho instrumento consta de 24 ítems, subdividida en tres subescalas o dimensiones, de tipo Likert conformado por cinco ítems. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, incluyendo a 172 estudiantes universitarios, quienes aceptaron los términos del consentimiento informado. Para el análisis de los resultados se ejecuta el programa SPSS v.25 para agrupar la información obtenida mediante la estadística descriptiva (frecuencia, media, mediana y porcentaje) y medidas de variabilidad (rango, desviación estándar y varianza). Se realizó una prueba de t-Student para el análisis de medias según los niveles, con valor p < 0.005 para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Resultados: El 52.91 % de los estudiantes se ubican en un nivel de "adecuada atención", pero el 47.1% debe mejorar. En relación con el nivel de comprensión el 43.60 % tiene una adecuada claridad en esta esfera de la inteligencia emocional, mientras el 56.60 % debe mejorar este componente y el 52.33 % tiene una adecuada regulación, mientras 47.67 % debe mejorar. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas; así como tampoco hubo diferencias de las medias entre ambos géneros (p=≥0.05). Conclusiones: La población de estudio se ubica en un adecuado manejo de su inteligencia emocional, siendo la percepción emocional la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia como adecuada, sin embargo, la claridad de sentimientos es la que presenta los niveles más bajos, por lo que es evidente la necesidad de llevar a cabo programas de intervención en universitarios que fomenten el desarrollo de las dimensiones que conforman la inteligencia emocional.

Nutritional and educational intervention to reduce malnutrition due to excess in university students / Intervención educativa nutricional para la reducción de malnutrición por exceso en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of a nutritional/educational intervention over malnutrition due to excess in university students. Materials & Methods: A quantitative study with a descriptive approach. Intervention was conducted through the implementation of educational strategies promoting healthy lifestyles, nutritional status of participants was monitored throughout the entire scholar cycle (16 weeks). Non-probabilistic sampling was used including 52 university students who willingly accepted to participate. Data was processed using descriptive statistics (frequency, category variable percentages, measures of central tendency, dispersion for numerical variables). Nutritional profiles of the participants were evaluated based on the normality of the data through the use Kolmogorv Smirnov test, averages, T tests for related samples and the Wilcoxon test to evaluate the intervention effects. Results: Weight average before intervention stage was 74.7 kg and 68.2 kg after intervention. Before intervention 42.31% presented malnutrition due to excess, after intervention 17.3% presented malnutrition due to excess which signifies a decrease of 25. 01 % was recorded (p value < 0.001) Conclusions: Educational intervention had an impact on the nutritional status of university students in relation with the percentage of malnutrition due to excess normal weight students ratio was increased.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa nutricional sobre la reducción de la malnutrición por exceso en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y método: Es un estudio cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo. La intervención se basó en la implementación de estrategias educativas que incidieran en estilos de vida saludables y se monitoreó el estado nutricional durante un ciclo escolar (16 semanas). El muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico, incluyendo a 52 estudiantes universitarios, quienes aceptaron los términos del consentimiento informado. Para el procesamiento de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva (frecuencias, porcentajes para las variables categóricas, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables numéricas). El perfil nutricional de los participantes se evalúo en función de la normalidad de los datos mediante la prueba Kolmogorv Smirnov, se calcularon promedios, prueba t para muestras relacionadas y la prueba de Wilcoxon para evaluar el efecto de la intervención. Resultados: El peso promedio antes de la intervención fue 74.7 kg y después de la intervención fue 68.2 kg. Antes de la intervención el 42.31 %, presentaron malnutrición por exceso y al final de la intervención el 17.3 %, evidenciándose una disminución de 25.01% al finalizar la intervención (p valor< 0.001). Conclusiones: La intervención educativa incidió en el estado nutricional de los participantes, con relación a la malnutrición por exceso, se incrementó el porcentaje de estudiantes con estado nutricional normal.

Prevalence and reasons for non-follow-up of newborns with "refer" results on initial hearing screening

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rate of follow-up among infants who had a "refer" result on initial newborn hearing screening and to identify reasons for default by parents or guardians.METHODS:Design: Cross-Sectional StudySetting: Tertiary National University HospitalParticipants: 79 parents or guardians whose newborns obtained a "refer" result on initial hearing screening were interviewed over the phone.RESULTS: Among those babies who had a "refer" result on initial hearing screening, 51% followed up for repeat testing. The most common reasons for non-follow up by parents or guardians include being busy, distance from the hospital and baby's health condition.CONCLUSIONS: The follow-up rate in this study is higher compared to previous figures (27%), but is still below target. The reasons for non-follow-up obtained suggest problems may exist on all levels of the healthcare system. Appropriate solutions to address these problems should be explored.

Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss and its association with glycemic control in Filipino patients with diabetes at the Philippine General Hospital / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a form of diabetic neuropathy. Its prevalence rate varies from 21.7-73.3% among different populations. The association of this complication with long-term glycemic control has not been described extensively.<br /><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The study aims to determine the prevalence of SNHL in Filipino patients with diabetes consulting in a tertiary hospital; and to determine the association of SNHL with the degree of blood sugar control as measured by the mean hemoglobin bA1c (HbA1c) for the last five years.<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY</strong>: A cross-sectional study of 128 patients in a tertiary hospital was done. Patients were recruited via stratified random sampling with the different clinics as the stratifying variable. They underwent physical examination and pure tone audiometry (PTA) to detect presence of SNHL and presence of distal peripheral neuropathy. Chart review was done to gather the HbA1c levels for the last five years, as well as data on the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy. The average HbA1c levels, and other clinical and demographic factors and their association with SNHL were analyzed using logistic regression.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The prevalence of SNHL among patients with diabetes is 45.31%. Glycemic control does not seem to be associated with SNHL (p value 0.451, OR 1.447). Age was found to be significantly associated with SNHL (p value=0.046, OR=1.035). Among patients age 60 years old and below, retinopathy was significantly associated with SNHL (p value 0.023, OR=3.564). Multivariate analysis did not show any significant predictor for SNHL. There was no observed difference in the proportion of patients with SNHL among males (48.94%) compared to females (43.21%), p value of 0.530. A more advanced age is associated with SNHL among males (p value 0.024, OR=1.095) and a family history of hearing loss is an independent predictor of SNHL (p value 0.047, OR=1.088).<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> There is a high prevalence rate of SNHL among Filipino patients with diabetes. SNHL does not seem to be associated with glycemic control. Screening for SNHL maybe warranted for patients with diabetes due to its high prevalence rate regardless of glycemic control. Hearing care, focusing on prevention of hearing loss, should be advocated for patients with diabetes mellitus</p>

The voice test for newborn hearing screening

OBJECTIVES. The goal of the study is to find a reasonable aIternative test that can be utilized in the Philippine setting to operationalize the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Act. Thus the components of the Voice Test were studied. The objectives of the study are to determine: (1) which of the two words "Baah" and "Psst" is better for newborn hearing screening rocedure as far as their physical characteristics are concerned, ~) how do the two words "Baah" and Psst" differ between genders and distance from sound source, (3) to determine the proportion of the participants who could recite the words at intensity of 80db or louder. METHODS. Frequency characteristics and sound intensity differences of two words "Baah" and "Psst" were determined and ompared. RESULTS. The word "Baah" exhibited more favorable physical attributes over the word 'Psst" for purposes of being a screening tool for newborn hearing assessment. CONCLUSION. This study reports the results of an initial step in the search for an inexpensive, feasible, and valid tool for neonatal earing screening. Correlation studies with speech developmental milestones may eventually enhance the usefulness of the voice test.

The ubiquitous TB otitis media: A review of diagnosis and treatment outcomes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to improve the detection of TB otitis media cases and its treatment outcome by describing the varied clinical presentations, discussing the importance, limitations and frontiers of possible diagnostic tests and illustrating the roles of medical and surgical interventions METHOD: A review of available literature was done. The search included published researches on TB Otitis Media and related articles on tuberculosis. RESULTS: The review included aspects of the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options, both medical and surgical, of tuberculous otitis media. CONCLUSION: Tuberculous otitis media presents with a variety of clinical features so that a high index of suspicion is very important. Diagnostic examinations are available but are varied depending on the clinical presentation. Definitive treatment is mainly medical with anti- Koch's medications.

Auditory brainstem response latencies of infants and maternal eposure to environmental toxic product

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pesticide exposure on the auditory system, specifically on hearing status based on auditory brainstem responses. METHODS: A cohort of pregnant women was identified in several communities in a rural area from April 2002 to February 2003 and followed up until delivery. Mother-infant dyads were assessed for exposure to pesticides. Maternal and fetal exposures to environmental toxic products were determined by measuring levels in maternal hair and blood, and infant cord blood, hair, and meconium, respectively. Hearing status was measured using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and confirmed by diagnostic auditory brainstem responses (ABR) measured at 80, 60, and 40 decibels. Waves I, III, V were identified and absolute latencies measured, including inter-peak latencies from waves 11III, I-V, and III-V. Pesticide exposure was then correlated with latencies of Waves I, III, V, and interpeak latencies of waves I-III, IIV, and III-V. Hearing loss and pesticide exposures were correlated with Griffiths Mental Development Scores (GMDS). RESULTS: Significant delays in the ABR wave latencies were noted in the group with exposure to pesticides. Propoxur was the most common toxic product detected in infants and meconium the best substrate for its detection. There was a 1.4% risk of hearing loss with exposure to propoxur (RR=0.52 (0.12-2.30), p = 0.06), a 6.25% risk with cypermethrin exposure (RR= 4.53 (0.61133.64), P = 0.10) and 6.25% risk with pretilachlor exposure (3.13 (0.44-22.30), p = 0.07). Griffith's Mental Developmental Scale scores (GMDS- hearing and speech subscale and general quotient scores) were not significantly different between exposed and unexposed groups. However, three infants with positive exposures and hearing loss had below average, or low to average scores using this scale. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to environmental toxic products may affect the auditory pathway in infants at birth. Pregnant women should limit their exposure to such toxic products in order to avoid neurodevelopmental effects particularly on hearing because this is very important in the critical stage of language and speech development.

Training of nurses in ear examination and hearing screening in the school setting.

The objectives of this study were to determine the agreement between the ear examination findings of the otorhinolaryngologist (trainer) and the elementary school nurse (trainee) after training with the use of a penlight and to determine the mean sound pressure level (SPL) produced by school nurses as a standard parameter for hearing screening using a 512 tuning fork after training on tuning fork testing by the otorhinolaryngologist. Training workshops in ear examination using a penlight and hearing screening using a 512 tuning fork were conducted for school nurses. Data for assessment of ear examination skills and production of SPL were collected by questionnaire and observation of performance. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between trainees' and trainer's responses. Mean and standard deviation were determined for the assessment of the SPL produced. Results showed an excellent agreement between the school nurses' and otorhinolaryngologist's observations on ear examination. These included observations of the ear canal, visualization of the tympanic membrane and identification of unusual findings such as wax and discharge. The majority of nurses responded positively in terms of the ease and confidence in performance of the procedure. Regarding tuning fork testing, the nurses were able to produce significant SPL. The mean SPL produced by the nurses using a 512 tuning fork was 56.316 dB.

Factor de crecimiento neuronal y sus posibles implicaciones terapéuticas en la actualidad / Nerve growth factor and its possible therapeutical implications today

Desde 1934 se realizaron estudios analizando los efectos que sobre las células sensitivas y neuronas motoras espinales que inervaban las extremidades de animales, producía la extirpación de primordios nerviosos. Las observaciones obtenidas de estos estudios (después de algunos años) permitieron el descubrimiento de un factor promotor del crecimiento neuronal, al cual se designó como factor de crecimiento neuronal (NGF). El NFG es la sustancia mejor caracterizada dentro de una familia de moléculas que se requieren para la supervivencia y el desarrollo de neuronas durante etapas embrionarias del crecimiento y durante la vida adulta. Se ha observado que, bajo ciertas circunstancias, la infusión exógena de BGF puede promover la supervivencia neuronal y la regeneración axonal, por lo cual, en la actualidad, se ha intentado la utilización de este factor para mejorar algunas condiciones patológicas en las cuales el principal componente es el daño neuronal, pudiendo producirse este último por diferentes mecanismos. Dado lo anterior, se ha postulado que la administración de BGF recombinante humano pudiera ser, en el futuro, de utilidad para el tratamiento de enfermedades del sistema nervioso central y periférico, ya que en algunos de los estudios realizados se ha demostrado que este factor puede tener efectos benéficos

Ansiedad y estabilidad psíquica en la úlcera duodenal / Anxiety and psychical stability in the duodenal ulcer

Se evaluaron psicológicamente 95 pacientes que presentaban úlcera péptica diagnosticados por endoscopia para estudiar cómo el tiempo de evolución (< 5 años y > 5 años) y el sexo influían en los niveles de ansiedad de esta enfermedad crónica. Se utilizó la prueba de ansiedad de R. B. Cattell y la prueba de personalidad de Eysenck. Se aplicó a los resultados la prueba t de Student y análisis de varianza para 2 vías de clasificación donde se utilizó un grupo control (N = 30). Se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) en el grupo total en cuanto a ansiedad, > de 5 años (p < 0,025) y < de 5 años (p < 0,05 de evolución. Se expresa que en los hombres no fue estadísticamente significativo la ansiedad latente, fue significativa para el tiempo de evolución (P < 0,05). En la prueba EPI (Eysenck Personality Inventory) el neuroticismo fue significativamente mayor para los subgrupos menos de 5 años de evolución y sexo masculino. El neuroticismo-introversión fue significativo (p < 0,01) en el grupo total de los ulcerosos. Se evidenció una alta frecuencia de respuesta no sinceras que se interpretaron como una auto-distorsión de la imagem pública. Se informa que los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la cronicidad y la ansiedad latente guardan relación con el curso de la enfermedad ulcerosa así como que deben realizarse estudios posteriores en relación con el sexo, pues los hombres no presentaron niveles de ansiedad diferentes a los de la población normal