Mucormicosis Rinocerebral asociado a Cetoacidosis diabética / Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis associated to diabetic ketoacidosis

Mucormycosis is an infrequent fungal infection This infection is difficult to diagnose and treat and have a high morbility and mortality and affects immunocompromised patients, especially those patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus. We report the case of a 60 years old diabetic patient with poor metabolic control who was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis and days later present right periorbital swelling and pain, is diagnosed of mucomycosis and is successfully treated with amphoterin B and surgery.

Concordancia diagnóstica entre atención primaria y psiquiatra en derivaciones a Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental en Talca / Diagnostic Concordance between Primary Care and psychiatrist in Communitary Mental Health Center in Talca

Psychiatric diseases have a high presence in Chilean population. Most of the cases are treated in the primary care. Despite this, and because of their complexity, some cases need specialist care. Is important the appropriate referral to secondary care which can be measured by the diagnostic concordance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diagnostic concordance between primary care and the evaluation of Psychiatrists in secondary level at Communitary Mental Health Center (COSAM) in Talca. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive study. All medical files of the patients older than 15 years old treated at COSAM were examined from August 2012 to November 2013. Moreover, the diagnostics of both primary care derivation and Psychiatrists of COSAM were compared with Kappa Index. RESULTS: The general concordance between the diagnostics of primary care level and COSAM was moderated (kappa index: 0.54). Higher in men than in women. The results showed a high concordance in the diagnostic of eating disorders and Dementia, a moderated concordance in the diagnostic of Bipolar Disorder and Panic Disorder. Finally, a low concordance in the diagnostic of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Personality Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.Although the concordance in the derivations to COSAM is moderated, higher than international studies, the concern is in the failure in the diagnostic of the Bipolar Disorder, an inappropriate treatment can be prescribed if there is not a correct diagnostic.

Hidatidosis Cardiaca Primaria / Primary cardiac hydatidosis

Cardiac hydatidosis without involvement of extracardiac organs is an uncommun condition. We report a case of a 20 years old female without any prior disease, she consult for progressive dyspnea and palpitations. Echocardiogram and cardiac MRI shows cystic lesion in apical intraventricular septum suggestive of hydatid cyst. No other organs were affected. The patient underwent surgery with successful removal of hydatid cyst and medical treatment with Albendazole, after that, the patient remains asymptomatic.

Invaginación intestinal ileoileal causada por divertículo de Meckel / Ileoileal intussusception due to Meckel's diverticulum

Introducción: La invaginación intestinal constituye la principal causa de obstrucción intestinal en lactantes. En este rango etáreo, la mayoría de los casos son idiopáticos y de localización ileocecal, siendo infrecuentes las invaginaciones ileoileales originadas por una alteración anatómica del tracto gastrointestinal como el Divertículo de Meckel. Objetivo: Presentar 2 casos de invaginación intestinal ileoileal en lactantes causadas por Divertículo de Meckel. Casos clínicos: El primer caso corresponde a una lactante de sexo femenino de 6 meses que presentó cuadro de dolor abdominal cólico asociado a vómitos y deposiciones sanguinolentas. El segundo, a un lactante de sexo masculino de 1 año y 11 meses con antecedentes de Tetralogía de Fallot operada y Síndrome de Di George que consultó por compromiso del estado general, vómitos y deshidratación severa, asociándose en los días siguientes deposiciones semilíquidas no sanguinolentas. Conclusiones: La invaginación intestinal ileoileal es infrecuente, en especial las causadas por alteraciones anatómicas como el Divertículo de Meckel en lactantes. Esta asociación no tiene signos patognomónicos y su estudio no difiere del habitual de intususcepción intestinal, pero es importante considerarla para el manejo, pues posee indicación quirúrgica y está contraindicada la reducción neumática.

Introduction: Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants. At this age, most cases are idiopathic and involve ileocecal locations; meanwhile ileoileal invaginations caused by an anatomic abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, such as Meckel's diverticulum, are rare. Objective: To report two cases of infant ileoileal intussusception due to Meckel's diverticulum. Case reports: The first patient was a 6 month-old female infant who presented colicky abdominal pain associated with vomiting and bloody stools. The second patient, a 23 month-old male infant with a history of Tetralogy of Fallot and corrective surgery, and DiGeorge syndrome, who consulted the specialists for health worsened due to vomits and severe dehydration, presenting the following days, semi-liquid and non-bloody stools. Conclusions: Ileoileal intussusception is rare in infants, especially those caused by anatomical changes such as Meckel's diverticulum. This association has no pathognomonic signs and its study does not differ from the usual study of intestinal intussusception, but it is important to consider it for management purposes as it involves surgical intervention and considering that the pneumatic reduction is contraindicated.

Frecuencia de administración de psicoestimulantes en escolares de primero a sexto básico en Talca / Stimulant drugs intake among first to sixth grade schoolchildren in Talca

Introducción: Los psicoestimulantes son medicamentos de primera línea en el tratamiento del síndrome por déficit atencional (TDA). Su indicación en menores varía según edad y sexo. Existen pocos datos a nivel nacional de frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en niños y no hay datos en nuestra región. Objetivo: Estudiar la frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en escolares de primero a sexto básico en Talca y los factores asociados a su uso. Material y Método: Estudio de corte de alumnos entre primero y sexto básico provenientes de establecimientos educacionales del radio urbano de Talca, estratificados según nivel socioeconómico. Se obtuvo lista con sexo y edad de los alumnos desde la dirección de cada establecimiento. La información acerca de la prescripción de psicoestimulantes fue proporcionada por el profesor jefe o encargado de educación diferencial. Resultados: De una muestra de 2.905 niños, el 1,76 por ciento utilizaba psicoestimulantes, 0,96 por ciento, metilfenidato y 0,76 por ciento, anfetaminas. La probabilidad de consumo de psicoestimulantes fue mayor en varones (OR = 5,8; 95 por ciento, IC: 2,6-13,2), alumnos de cuarto básico (OR = 2,3; 95 por ciento, IC: 1,26-4,15) y de 11 años de edad (OR = 2,4; 95 por ciento, IC: 1,35-4,43). En el nivel socioeconómico alto se registró el mayor consumo de metilfenidato (p = 0,0495) y en el medio bajo la mayor utilización de anfetaminas (p = 0,0014). Discusión: La frecuencia de uso de psicoestimulantes en Talca es baja en relación a la encontrada en otras regiones del país. La frecuencia y tipo de fármaco utilizado en el tratamiento del TDA, se asocia con la edad, el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico de los alumnos.

Background: Stimulant drugs are frequently prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Drug prescription is associated with children's age and gender. Chile has few reports of Stimulant drugs prescription and there are no records in our region. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Stimulant drugs intake in schoolchildren from first to sixth grade in Talca. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in schoolchildren attending first to sixth grade at urban schools in Talca was performed. The schools were stratified according to socioeconomic status. A list with sex and age of the children was obtained from the headmaster of each school. The information about stimulant drugs prescription was provided by the class teacher or the person in charge of special education. Results: We studied 2,905 children, 1.76 percent of them were under stimulant drugs, 0.96 percent took methylphenidate and 0.76 percent took dexamphetamine. Administration of ADHD drugs was higher in boys than in girls (OR = 5.8; 95 percent IC: 1.35-4.43), in fourth grade students (OR = 2.3; 95 percent, IC: 1.26-4.15) and in 11-year-old children (OR = 2,4; 95 percent, IC: 1,35-4,43). Intake of methylphenidate was higher in the highest socioeconomic status (p = 0.0496), while the highest intake of dexamphetamine was found in the lowest socioeconomic status (p = 0.0014). Discussion: The use of stimulant drugs medication is low in Talca compared to national records. The prescription of these drugs is related to the age, sex of the students while the kind of drug prescribed was related to the socioeconomic status of the child.