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1.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 25(4): 114-118, dic. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058211

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir la participación de los exámenes de imagen en el Régimen de Garantías Explícitas en Salud en Chile y analizar el papel de los radiólogos en este campo. Materiales y métodos: todas las patologías incluidas en el Programa de garantías explícitas en salud, cuentan con una guía de práctica clínica (GC) y un listado de prestaciones específicas (LP). Ambos fueron analizados respecto a la cantidad y la modalidad de los exámenes de imagen recomendados, la presencia de radiólogos dentro de los paneles de expertos y la concordancia entre las recomendaciones de las guías y los Listados de Prestaciones. Resultados: 60 GC (67%) y 55 LP (69%) incluyen pruebas de imagen dentro de sus prestaciones garantizadas. 7 GC (8%) recomiendan pruebas de imágenes no cubiertas en su listado de prestaciones respectivos y 5 pruebas de imágenes del LP (6%) no están incluídas en las guías clínicas. La participación de un radiólogo en el panel de expertos se asoció con la ausencia de discrepancias en las pruebas de imagen entre GC y LP (p = 0,007). Discusión: el diagnóstico por imágenes juega un papel importante dentro del Programa de garantías explícitas y se asocia al aumento de los costos de atención médica. Algunos casos de discordancia entre las guías clínicas y los Listados de Prestaciones representan costos económicos y sociales significativos que podrían reducirse al incluir radiólogos en los paneles de expertos, así como optimizar el uso de recursos y reducir la exposición de los pacientes a la radiación ionizante.


Abstract: Objective: To describe the involvement diagnostic imaging exams in the framework of Regime of Explicit Health Guarantees in Chile and analyze the role of radiologists in this field. Materials and methods: Every pathology included in the Explicit Healthcare Guarantees Program encompasses an expert consensus clinical guideline (CG) and a specific services list (SL). Both of them were analyzed regarding the amount and modality of imaging exams recommended, the presence of radiologists within the expert panels and the concordance between guidelines recommendations and service lists. Results: 60 CG (67%) and 55 SL (69%) include imaging tests within their guaranteed services. Seven CG (8%) recommend medical imaging tests not covered in their respective services list and 5 SL (6%) reference imaging tests not included in the clinical guidelines. The involvement of a radiologist on the expert panel was associated with the absence of imaging test discrepancies between CG and SL (p=0.007). Discussion: Diagnostic imaging plays an important role within the Explicit Healthcare Guarantees Program and is associated with rising healthcare costs. There are cases of discordance between clinical guidelines and specific services lists that account for significant economic and social costs, which may be reduced by including radiologists on expert panels, optimizing resource use and lowering patients' exposure to ionizing radiation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physician's Role , Diagnostic Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Health Programs and Plans , Diagnostic Imaging/economics , Diagnostic Imaging/standards , Chile , Health Care Costs , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Delivery of Health Care , Radiologists/supply & distribution
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 78(3): 314-317, set. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978819

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los trastornos del olfato son frecuentes, aunque la anosmia e hiposmia son síntomas poco referidos, suelen afectar de forma importante la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Las causas de anosmia pueden ser adquiridas o congénitas, y la prevalencia de anosmia congénita aislada en la población general se estima en 1:10.000. En estos casos, la anosmia es el único síntoma referido por el paciente. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 23 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, diagnosticado con anosmia congénita aislada. La historia y evaluación clínica, evaluación neuroendocrinológica, y el uso de la resonancia magnética de cerebro permitió establecer el diagnóstico final.


ABSTRACT Disorders of olfaction are common, however, anosmia and hyposmia are not frequently self-reported, and these symptoms can lead to a significant impairment in quality of life. Causes of anosmia can be acquired or congenital, and the prevalence of isolated congenital anosmia is estimated to be 1:10000 in the general population. In these cases, anosmia is the only symptom referred by the patient. We hereby present the case of a 23-year-old male patient, with no prior medical history, diagnosed with isolated congenital anosmia. The findings from the medical history and physical examination, neuroendocrine evaluation, and the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain helped reach a final diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Anosmia/diagnostic imaging , Olfaction Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Anosmia/congenital , Olfaction Disorders/congenital
3.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 21(4): 158-164, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-773286

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to provide basic tools for the interpretation of diagnostic accuracy studies, by analyzing the data that the contingency table provides. Concepts are given in the application and meaning of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Furthermore, by analyzing the pre-test and post-test probabilities, construction and implementation of the likelihood ratio are explained. The diagnostic odds ratio and its limitations are described. Finally, the importance of calculating confidence intervals is explained. Understanding the contingency table and the construction of the parameters that we can calculate from this, is essential for the critical evaluation and development of diagnostic accuracy studies, as well as their application in daily clinical work.


El objetivo del presente artículo es entregar herramientas básicas para la interpretación de los estudios de exactitud diagnóstica, mediante el análisis de los datos que entrega la tabla de contingencia. Se entregan conceptos en la aplicación y significado de sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo. Además, mediante el análisis de las probabilidades pre-test y post-test, se explica la construcción e implementación de los likelihood ratio o razones de verosimilitud. Se describe el odds ratio diagnóstico y sus limitaciones. Por último, se explica la importancia del cálculo de intervalos de confianza. Entender la tabla de contingencia y la construcción de los parámetros que de esta podemos calcular es fundamental para la valoración crítica y desarrollo de estudios de exactitud diagnóstica, así como para su aplicación en el quehacer clínico diario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biostatistics , Diagnosis , Likelihood Functions , Sensitivity and Specificity , Predictive Value of Tests
4.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 14(4): 211-218, 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518952

ABSTRACT

Small bowel neoplasms are rare, accounting for approximately 3-6 percent of all primary malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. MDCT-E is an imaging modality that combines the advantages of enteroclysis and helical CT, allowing the detection of small bowel diseases wherever they are located (intraluminal, intramural, or extramural). The aim of our study was to assess the reliability of MDCT-E in the detection of small bowel neoplasms. In our institution, MDCT-E was used to study 600 patients admitted for suspicion of small bowel diseases, between January2005 and May 2008. A total of 22 (3, 6 percent) small bowel neoplasms were identified, all confirmed by histological examination. The neoplasms found in this series were adenocarcinoma (n: 4), lymphoma (n: 3), carcinoid tumor (n: 3), benign GIST (n: 2), benign hamartomatous polyps (n: 2) and secondary small bowel tumors (n: 8). MDCT-E appears to be a reliable method in the detection of small bowel neoplasms, allowing tumor staging tobe determined during the same procedure.


Los tumores de intestino delgado (ID) son raros, representando aproximadamente 3-6 por ciento de las neoplasias del tubo digestivo. La E-TC es una técnica que combina las ventajas de la enteroclisis con las de la TC multicorte, con el potencial de demostrar alteraciones intraluminales, murales y extraintestinales. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el potencial diagnóstico de la E-TC en la detección de tumores de ID. En nuestra institución se realizaron 600 E-TC desde Enero del 2005 a Mayo del 2008. Un total de 22 pacientes (3,6 por ciento) presentaron hallazgos tomográficos compatibles con tumores de ID, todos confirmados histológicamente. Los tumores encontrados en esta serie fueron; adenocarcinoma (n:4), linfoma (n:3), tumor carcinoide (n:3), tumor estromal gastrointestinal benigno (n:2), pólipos hamartomatosos (n: 2) y compromiso neoplásico secundario (n:8). Esta serie corrobora el valor de la E-TC como técnica de imagen de elección en la detección de tumores de ID, con la posibilidad de etapificación en el mismo procedimiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Intestinal Neoplasms , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , Intestine, Small/pathology , Intestine, Small , Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(10): 1237-1242, oct. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439913

ABSTRACT

Background: Gallbladder polyps are becoming a common finding. The management of these polyps is complicated considering that they can bear malignant lesions. Aim: To analyze the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings of patients operated due to gallbladder polyps. Patients and methods: The records of patients with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder polyp and that underwent cholecystectomy in a thirteen years period were reviewed, collecting their demographic, ultrasonographic and histopathological data. Results: One hundred and twenty three patients were operated. The mean age was 44±13 years, and 69 percent were women. The mean size of polyps in ultrasonography was 7.3±5 mm. Histopathology confirmed the presence of polyps in 79 percent of patients, with a mean size and number of lesions of 5.1±3.8 mm and 2.1±2, respectively. Nine percent of polyps were greater than 10 mm, and single polyps were significantly larger than the multiple ones (p =0.003). Four cases of adenoma (3.2 percent) were diagnosed; one of them had in situ carcinoma. All were single and larger than 10 mm. We found a significant correlation between ultrasonographic and histopathological polyp size determination (r =0.47; p =0.002). Polyp size was also a predictor of the presence of adenoma (p =0.043; confidence intervals: 1.006-1.424). Conclusions: There is a good correlation between the size of the gallbladder polyp in ultrasonography and the size in the histopathology report. Gallbladder adenoma is uncommon and it correlates with the size of the polyp. In this series, size was the only predictor of the presence of adenoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenoma/pathology , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Polyps/pathology , Abdomen , Adenoma , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Cholecystectomy , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Polyps , Retrospective Studies
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