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Rev. salud bosque ; 4(2): 19-26, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772937

ABSTRACT

Las unidades de cuidados intensivos son el sitio, por excelencia, para el manejo del infarto agudo del miocardio. Por consiguiente, el estudio de los perfiles clínicos (criterios clínicos y paraclínicos) asociados a la mortalidad por esta enfermedad en dichas unidades de segundo nivel, se convierte en una necesidad para mejorar la atención oportuna de los pacientes y para optimizar los recursos sanitarios. Para los médicos tratantes, el reconocer los factores en el contexto particular de cada servicio de cuidado intensivo, permite reducir el riesgo de mortalidad durante la atención hospitalaria. El presente estudio permitió establecer los factores pronóstico en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio que fueron atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de segundo nivel, desde octubre de 2006 hasta diciembre del 2012, en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles y se incluyeron 201 sujetos, 85 casos y 116 controles. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, de las cuales se hizo un análisis descriptivo, univariado y multivariado, para establecer cuáles se asociaban a mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Las variables que presentaron asociación fueron: troponina mayor de 350 ng/dl (razón de momios u odds ratio, OR=36,8), falla respiratoria (OR=12,4), arritmia por isquemia (OR=9,3) y edad mayor de 65 años (OR=5,0), con p menor de 0,001 para todas ellas. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logístico...


Intensive Care Units are the paramount settings for handling Acute Myocardial Infarction. Thus, incorporating the study of clinical profiles ( both clinical and para clinical criteria) associated to mortality of the aforementioned disease is crucial to provide time sensitive and appropriate care to patients, as well as optimizing sanitary resources. Allowing the attending physician to identify contextbased risk factors within specific ICU units, leads to decreased levels of mortality risks during hospitalization. The present study shows prognostic factors in patients presenting myocardial infarction whom were seen at a level II ICU complexity hospital in Bogota, between October, 2006 and December, 2012. A case-control design was implemented. Out of a simple made of 201 patients, 85 were cases and 116 belonged to the control group. To determine associated conditions to mortality rates in a specific ICU, socio demographic and clinical variables were taken into consideration through descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses. The variables showing association were: Troponin > 350 ng/dL (OR 36.8), ventilatory failure (OR12.4), ischemia induced arrhythmia (OR 9.3) and patients >65 years old (OR 5.0) to p value <0.001. A logistic regression model for prognostic factors of mortality was implemented, leading to the following: p value for each of the intervening variables was less than <0.005 and the p value of the model was <0.001. The correct classification trial was 0.912 and the area under ROC curve was 0.955. In the light of the intervening variables present in this study, clinical settings ought to heighten awareness amongst its Staff towards the need to provide care in a timely and prompt manner so as to reduce mortality risk at the ICU.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Myocardial Infarction , Respiratory Insufficiency , Ischemia , Mortality , Prognosis , Troponin , Intensive Care Units , Colombia
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