Curcumin alleviates the manganese-induced neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy in rat models of manganism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effects of curcumin(CUR) and its mechanism on a rat model of neurotoxicity induced by manganese chloride (MnCl2), which mimics mangnism.@*METHODS@#Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 12 rats in each group. Control group received 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally (ip) plus double distilled water (dd) H2O intragastrically (ig), MnCl2 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2(Mn2+ 6.48 mg/kg) intraperitoneally plus dd H2O intragastrically, CUR group received 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally plus 300 mg/kg CUR intragastrically, MnCl2+ CUR1 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2 intraperitoneally plus 100 mg/kg curcumin intragastrically, MnCl2+ CUR2 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2 intraperitoneally plus 300 mg/kg CUR intragastrically, 5 days/week, 4 weeks. Open-field and rotarod tests were used to detect animals' exploratory behavior, anxiety, depression, movement and balance ability. Morris water maze (MWM) experiment was used to detect animals' learning and memory ability. ICP-MS was used to investigate the Mn contents in striata. The rats per group were perfused in situ, their brains striata were removed by brains model and fixed for transmission electron microscope (TEM), histopathological and immunohistochemistry (ICH) analyses. The other 6 rats per group were sacrificed. Their brains striata were removed and protein expression levels of transcription factor EB (TFEB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, Beclin, P62, microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) were detected by Western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transterase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to determine neurocyte apoptosis of rat striatum.@*RESULTS@#After exposure to MnCl2 for four weeks, MnCl2-treated rats showed depressive-like behavior in open-field test, the impairments of movement coordination and balance in rotarod test and the diminishment of spatial learning and memory in MWM (P < 0.05). The striatal TH+ neurocyte significantly decreased, eosinophilic cells, aggregative α-Syn level and TUNEL-positive neurocyte significantly increased in the striatum of MnCl2 group compared with control group (P < 0.05). Chromatin condensation, mitochondria tumefaction and autophagosomes were observed in rat striatal neurocytes of MnCl2 group by TEM. TFEB nuclear translocation and autophagy occurred in the striatum of MnCl2 group. Further, the depressive behavior, movement and balance ability, spatial learning and memory ability of MnCl2+ CUR2 group were significantly improved compared with MnCl2 group (P < 0.05). TH+ neurocyte significantly increased, the eosinophilic cells, aggregative α-Syn level significantly decreased in the striatum of MnCl2+ CUR2 group compared with MnCl2 group. Further, compared with MnCl2 group, chromatin condensation, mitochondria tumefaction was alleviated and autophagosomes increased, TFEB-nuclear translocation, autophagy was enhanced and TUNEL-positive neurocyte reduced significantly in the striatum of MnCl2+ CUR2 group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin alleviated the MnCl2-induced neurotoxicity and α-Syn aggregation probably by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation and enhancing autophagy.

Lipoprotein apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a single center research / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who can't reach low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) target goals with the maximal tolerated dose of lipid-lowering agents. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Between February 2015 and November 2019, patients with FH who were admitted in Fuwai hospital and treated with LA were consecutively enrolled. Based on intensive lipid-lowering agents, these patients received LA by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) method. The changes of lipid levels such as LDL-C and lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] were compared before and after LA treatment, and the changes of immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration and LA-related adverse effects were also discussed. Results: A total of 115 patients with FH were enrolled in this study, of which 8 cases were homozygous FH and 107 cases were heterozygous FH. The age was (43.9±12.2) years and there were 75 (65.2%) males, and 108 (93.8%) with coronary artery disease. For pre-and immediately after LA treatment, the LDL-C was (5.20±2.94) mmol/L vs. (1.83±1.08) mmol/L, Lp(a) concentration was 428.70(177.00, 829.50)mg/L vs. 148.90(75.90, 317.00) mg/L (P<0.001), with a decrease of 64.2% and 59.8% respectively. The levels of IgG and IgA measured 1 day after LA treatment were both in the normal range and IgM concentration was below the reference value, the reductions of which were 15.1%, 25.0% and 58.7% respectively (P<0.001). Six patients had mild symptoms of nausea, hypotension dyspnea and palpitation, the symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: For patients with FH who do not achieve LDL-C target goal with the maximal tolerated lipid-lowering agents, especially those with elevated Lp(a) levels, LA, which can significantly further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels, is an effective and safe option.

Research updates on determinants of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for juvenile / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Vaccination is the most effective prevenative measure against infectious diseases. As guardians of minor children, parental attitudes have a decisive influence on children s vaccination. Therefore, it is very important to understand parental attitudes and preference towards the vaccination of minor children in COVID-19 for the successful implementation of vaccination. In this study, the current situation and associated factors of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children. It was found that parental vaccine hesitation was mainly influenced by factors related to parents, children, vaccination and information process. Parents should be guided to obtain information through authoritative channels and treat vaccination correctly. At the same time, medical staff should play an important role in health education, submit correct immunisation information, reduce vaccine hesitancy, and promote herd immunity.

Effect of Two Kinds of Antistaling Agent on the Pigments of Cutting Branch for Cornus alba L.

Aims: The research was aimed to study the effects of antistaling agent on the fresh-keeping of cutting branches in order to provide the foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production. Study Design: In order to analyze the function and action mechanism of antistaling agent A(3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium), we used the Cornus alba L., as materials, observed fresh-keeping life and morphological changes, measured the fresh weight, the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L. Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, between February 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: The contents of soluble sugar, chlorophyll, anthocyanin and red pigment in stem bark were determined at 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d after treatment, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L. were measured by method of spectrophotometer. The content of soluble sugar was determined by anthrone colorimetry. Results: The effects of antistaling agent A (3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and antistaling agent B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium) were tested in this paper in order to investigate their effects on contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L., which provided foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production. Early spring sticks of Cornus alba L. were used as materials by antistaling agent A and B treatment, respectively, and sterilized water as control. Results showed that contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A. Conclusion: The contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in the antistaling agent B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A.

Effect of Abscisic Acid on Soluble Sugar Contents in Tomato Fruits under Condition of Short-Term Night Sub-Low Temperature1.

Aims: This research explored the effect of ABA treatment before short-term night sub-low temperature on the sugar composition and contents, and provided theoretical basis for temperature management in tomato protected cultivation. Study Design: The whole tomato was treated by spraying with 50mmol/L and 100mmol/L ABA respectively before short-tern night sub-low temperature. Spraying distilled water was as the control. The lower temperature treatment was as the lower temperature control group. Place and Duration of Study: Biological Science and Technology College, between February 2013 and March 2014. Methodology: The sugar composition and contents were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: The pectinic tissues, pericarp and dissepiments after sub-low temperature treatment had high contents of three soluble sugars at the early fruit development stage. The fructose and glucose contents were reduced by the 50mmol/L ABA treatment under condition of lower temperature. At the fruit mature stage, contents of three soluble sugars in the pericarp and dissepiments after sub-low temperature treatment had less than those in control group and had higher accumulation than the other two groups by 50mmol/L ABA treatment, but the soluble sugars contents were reduced by ABA treatment in the pectinic tissues. Conclusion: 50mmol/L ABA was the optimum concentration on improving the ability of resisting sub-low temperature in tomato fruits at the early development stage, improving the tomato fruit quality at the fruit mature stage, promoting transfer of soluble sugars to structure matter or storage matter. However, the effects of ABA on sugar accumulation were different in the pectinic tissues or pericarp and dissepiments.

Preparation of Protein Extraction from Flower Buds of Solanum lycopersicum for Two- Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis.

Aims: Find a suitable method for the protein extraction from flower buds of Solanum lycopersicum. Study Design: Compare some kinds of protein extraction methods and find the best one among them suitable to tomato flower buds. Place and Duration of Study: Biological Science and Technology College, between June 2010 and July 2011. Methodology: The proteins for electrophoresis were extracted using different methods, such as trichloroacetic acid /acetone (TCA/acetone), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Trissaturated phenol (Tris-Phen), Phenol/SDS and Direct lysis method. After silver staining, different patterns of protein spots were observed in the gels. Results: Few spots were found by SDS and Phenol/SDS extractions, more spots by immediate dissolution but the most impurities, less protein productivity though more spots by Tris-Phen extractions, and more protein productivity and better apart effect by TCA/acetone. The 2-DE image background was the clear and the protein spots were the most by TCA/acetone method. Conclusion: TCA/acetone method is much more suitable as extraction method for protein two-dimensional electrophoresis of tomato flower buds.