Role of transcription factor TEAD4 in carcinogenesis, development and therapy of tumors / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# TEA转录因子4（TEAD4）是Hippo信号通路中转录共激活子YAP/TAZ下游最重要的转录因子TEAD家族的成员之 一。近年来，TEAD4的促癌作用被逐渐发现，其可与YAP形成转录复合体或不依赖于YAP独立调控下游相关靶基因的表达， 在 胃肠道肿瘤、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等多种人类实体肿瘤中发挥促癌作用，导致肿瘤的发生和进展，并且是多种肿瘤不良预后的标 志。此外，靶向TEAD4及以阻断YAP-TEAD4结合为靶点的药物在多种肿瘤的体外实验及动物模型中取得显著的治疗效果， 提 示TEAD4可能是肿瘤治疗的一个理想靶点。本文就目前TEAD4在肿瘤发生、发展及治疗中的研究现状作一总结及展望，以期 为TEAD4的后续研究及以其为靶点的肿瘤治疗提供新思路。

Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: current status, challenges and solution / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death all over the world. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and targeted therapy, form the backbone of current treatment in various stages of CRC, but the efficacy in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is extremely poor. Recently-developed immunotherapy is frequently used in various cancers with high malignancy, such as leukemia, melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, and achieves promising clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy has been also investigated in CRC, but the outcome is so disappointed in majority of patients, except the PD-1 inhibitor achieved excellent result in CRC with DNA mismatch repair system deficiency. In this review, the authors will mainly introduce the immunophenotype of different subtype of CRC and summarize current advances of clinical trials for CRC immunotherapy. The article will also discuss the reasons for the low efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches in CRC and provide several potential directions for the future development of CRC immunotherapy.

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of community and hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains prevailing in Shenyang, Northeastern China

In order to obtain adequate information for the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, it is crucial to identify trends in epidemiological and antimicrobial resistance patterns of local S. aureus strains. Community and hospital acquired S. aureus isolates (n = 202) were characterized using staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, spa typing and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. The prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidine (pvl) and several antibiotic resistance genes among the isolates were also detected by PCR. All of the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid. Three hospital isolates were resistant to teicoplanin while 14 showed intermediate resistance to teicoplanin. The resistance patterns of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates to other antimicrobials were similar to those of hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates except for clindamycin and gentamicin. There was excellent correlation between phenotypes and genotypes in the determination of S. aureus resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The SCCmec type II and SCCmec type IV were the predominant types detected in hospital and community isolates, respectively. The most frequently encountered spa types were t002 and t030 both in HA-and CA-MRSA isolates. Pulsotype A was the most predominant pulsotype identified among the isolates tested, followed by pulsotype B. Seventy-two hospital isolates (19 HA-MRSA and 53 HA-MSSA) and 10 CA-MRSA were positive for the pvl gene. This study shows that the combination of susceptibility testing and various molecular methods has provided useful information on the antibiotic resistance and molecular diversity of S. aureus in a specific region of China. The high proportion of pvl positive MSSA and MRSA isolates observed in this study indicates that adequate measures are needed to curtail the spread of those MRSA and MSSA clones prevailing both in hospital and the community.

Follow-up observation of photoselective vaporization of prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia within five years / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safty of photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with obstruction within 5 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2004 to December 2009, there were 782 cases have been except for neurogenic bladder dysfunction and prostate cancer, who received PVP surgical treatment of BPH. The surgical conditions and postoperative follow-up data were recorded and the follow-up cut-off time for surgery after 5 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 782 patients with BPH who underwent PVP were included in this retrospective study. The operation in 740 cases was successfully completed at one time. But in other 42 cases, the twice operation was performed. The mean operation time was (85 ± 38) minutes, and the mean energy delivery was (355 ± 124) kJ. The mean catheterization and postoperative hospitalization time was (2.3 ± 1.7) days and (5.2 ± 2.6) days, respectively. No severe intraoperative complications were observed. The mean follow-up was (44.1 ± 19.3) months. The shortest follow-up was 6 months. The longest follow-up was 5 years. Complete follow-up data were available for 398 of the 782 patients. Of the 398 patients followed up for 5 years, the mean international prostate symptom score after 5 years was 12.8 ± 6.9, quality of life score was 2.2 ± 1.6, maximal flow rate was (14.5 ± 2.4) ml/s, and residual urine volume was 58 ml (M50). The retreatment rate because of BPH was 2.3% (9/398). Urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture were observed in 1.5% and 0.5% of the patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PVP has demonstrated remarkably consistent results for objective and subjective voiding parameters. Its late complication is rare and retreatment rate is low.</p>

Metabolic pathway of polyamines in plants: a review / 生物工程学报

Polyamine is an important physiological regulation substance functioning in a wide variety of biological processes, such as plant growth, development, senescence and adversity stress tolerance, which widely exist in all living organisms. Their biosynthetic pathways have already been revealed, and their physiological roles are being elucidated gradually. Previous work on polyamines biosynthetic deficiency mutants and various transgenic plants facilitates improved understanding of the important roles of polyamines and biosynthetic enzymes in plant growth and development. This paper summarizes researches in the biosynthetic pathways of polyamines in plants, focusing on research advances on functions of genes involved in polyamine metabolism. In addition, the potential research directions, especially the application of the genes in the genetic engineering of plant stress tolerance were also discussed.

The feasibility study of estimating energy consumption in photoselective vaporization of prostate based on the volume of prostate / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the feasibility of estimating energy consumption of green laser in photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) based on the preoperative volume of prostate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to January 2007, 260 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) had been treated with PVP. Preoperative prostatic volume and post-two-weeks-operative prostatic volume of each patient were measured by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Energy consumption and emission time of green laser were recorded during the operation. Then we calculated the amount of energy consumption needed in vaporizing one gramme prostatic tissue, evaluated the correlation of energy consumption and preoperative volume of prostate by means of correlation-regression analysis, and established its regression equation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of energy consumption needed in vaporizing one gramme prostatic tissue was (6.9 ± 0.6)kJ. The correlation of energy consumption and preoperative volume of prostate was significantly positive linear correlated. Its regression equation was: Energy Consumption (kJ) = 4.7 x Preoperative Volume of Prostate (cm³) - 14.1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is feasible to estimate energy consumption of green laser in PVP based on preoperative volume of prostate.</p>