Effects of different bolus strategies on doses in postmastectomy radiotherapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the effects of different bolus usages in postmastectomy intensity-modulated radiotherapy (PM-IMRT) on doses.Methods:Fifty patients receiving PM-IMRT at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from April to October 2021 were retrospectively studied. The planning target volume (PTV) was divided into four parts, namely chest wall (CW), internal mammary node, retained axillary lymph node, and supraclavicular node. The prescription dose was 50 Gy/25 fractions. Three PM-IMRT plans applying boluses with different thicknesses (3, 5 and 10 mm) were designed for each patient. The effects of different thicknesses and usage frequencies of boluses on PTV coverage, high dose volume of the CW skin, and dose to surrounding normal tissues were comprehensively evaluated.Results:When boluses were applied throughout the PM-IMRT, the PTV V95% of plans applying 10 mm-thick boluses was lower than that of plans applying 3 and 5 mm-thick boluses ( F=3.340, P < 0.05), the CI of plans applying 3 mm-thick boluses was higher than that of plans applying 5 and 10 mm-thick boluses ( F = 50.05, P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant differences in the skin V105% and V110% of three plans( P > 0.05). Both PTV V95% and skin V105% were reduced with a decrease in the usage frequency of boluses. At a frequency of 20, PTV V95% decreased slightly (< 1%), while skin V105% decreased sharply to nearly half of the original values. At a frequency of 15, the PTV V95%, CI, and HI in the three plans showed no statistically significant dosimetric differences ( P > 0.05). The PTV Dmax of plans applying 3 mm-thick boluses was lower than that of plans applying 5 and 10 mm-thick boluses ( F = 9.21, P < 0.05). As for the dose to surrounding normal tissues, different bolus thicknesses and frequencies had negligible effects on doses to heart and lung, causing little different biological effects. Conclusions:For PM-IMRT, different bolus thicknesses have similar effects on doses to the PTV, skin, heart, and lung. Bolus usage frequency, rather than thickness, was the major factor determining the PTV coverage and the dose to CW skin.

Establishment and verification of LIPS score combined with APACHE Ⅱ score and oxygenation index to predict the occurrence model of ARDS / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To construct and verify the occurrence model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using lung injury prediction score (LIPS) combined with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2). Methods:Using a prospective cohort study method, 244 patients with complete medical records who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Peking University Third Hospital from December 2020 to July 2022 were selected as research objects according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into training set (173 cases) and validation set (71 cases). Patients' gender, age, body mass index (BMI), various causes (shock, sepsis, craniocerebral injury, pulmonary contusion, multiple trauma, aspiration, pneumonia, acute abdomen, hypoproteinemia, acidosis, major surgery, etc.), underlying diseases (diabetes, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease) and laboratory test indicators were collected. According to the above data, the LIPS score, APACHE Ⅱ score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and PaO 2/FiO 2, etc within 24 hours after admission to the ICU were calculated. Univariate analysis was used to screen the influencing factors for the occurrence of ARDS, and the factors with P < 0.2 were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis to screen out the independent predictive factors for the occurrence of ARDS. According to the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the risk score of patients with ARDS was obtained to construct the risk prediction model of ARDS, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. The established ARDS prediction model was externally validated, and ROC curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the prediction model for the occurrence of ARDS in critically ill patients, and the AUC of the validation set was calculated to analyze the predictive performance of each risk factor on the occurrence of ARDS. Results:A total of 173 patients were enrolled in the training set, including 121 patients without ARDS and 52 patients with ARDS; 77 cases of acute abdomen, 64 cases of sepsis, 60 cases of shock, 51 cases of acidosis, 40 cases of hypoproteinemia, 37 cases of diabetes, 34 cases of craniocerebral injury, 34 cases of abnormal liver function, 28 cases of multiple trauma, 23 cases of malignant tumor, 23 cases of spinal orthopedic surgery, 17 cases of obesity, 12 cases of pneumonia, 11 cases of pulmonary contusion, and 7 cases of chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy in 6 cases, and aspiration in 2 cases. The rates of shock, sepsis, acute abdomen, acidosis, abnormal liver function, lung contusion, pneumonia and aspiration, gender, age, LIPS score, APACHE Ⅱ score, and SOFA score in the ARDS group were significantly higher than those in the non-ARDS group (all P < 0.05), moreover, PaO 2/FiO 2 ratio was significantly lower than that of non-ARDS group ( P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LIPS score, APACHE Ⅱ score, and PaO 2/FiO 2 ratio were independent risk factors for ARDS in ICU patients with high risk factors for ARDS, and the odds ratio ( OR) was 1.768 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.380-2.266], 1.242 (95% CI was 1.089-1.417), 0.985 (95% CI was 0.978-0.991), all P < 0.05. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the ARDS prediction model training set was 0.920, the sensitivity was 86.5%, and the specificity was 86.8%; the AUC of the verification set was 0.896, the sensitivity was 96.8%, and the specificity was 76.6%. Conclusion:LIPS score, APACHE Ⅱ score and PaO 2/FiO 2 are independent risk factors for the occurrence of ARDS in ICU patients with high risk factors for ARDS. The ARDS risk prediction model established based on these three indicators has a good predictive ability for the occurrence of ARDS in critically ill patients, wihich needs to be verified by multicenter cohort studies.

Gender difference in acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华危重病急救医学

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical disease in clinic, which refers to acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by various insults, with bilateral fluffy infiltrates on chest radiography. It is reported that gender may play a critical role in the occurrence, severity, and outcomes of ARDS. Nevertheless, gender difference in ARDS is still controversial because of the complexity of the disease. This paper summarized the sex difference in epidemiology of ARDS according to different etiologies such as sepsis, trauma and respiratory viruses, and discussed gender-bias in the occurrence, severity and outcomes of ARDS. Moreover, we clarified briefly the mechanism that may contribute to the gender-bias to provide novel ideas for clinical treatment of ARDS.

The effect of environmental radiation of radiotherapy workplace on stereotactic radiation therapy plan dose verification using an Exradin W1 scintillator detector / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To study the influence of environmental radiation of radiotherapy workplace on the stereotactic radiation therapy(SRT) plan absolute dose verification with plastic scintillator detector Exradin W1.Methods:The computed tomography (CT) image of the stereotactic dose verification phantom (SDVP) was scanned and imported into the treatment planning system. Three schemes, including 3 cm × 3 cm to 20 cm × 20 cm square gradient field irradiation, virtual planning target volume(PTV) non-coplanar arcs irradiation and 10 cases of volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy SRT (VMAT SRT) clinical plan verification, were measured with or without a home-made shield over the photodiode. Measurements were recorded to analyze the impact of environmental radiation on dose measurement under different conditions.Results:The noise effect of the photodiode increased with the the lager open field size, and decreased with the reduced distance between the photodiode and isocenter. The contribution of photodiode noise effect increase with the lager non-coplanar arc field size, with the largest up to 4.16%. As for the clinical SRT plan verification measurement, the relative difference between the SRT plan measurements and treatment planning system(TPS) before and after shielding were (1.39±1.05)% and (0.59±1.03)%, respectively ( t=-5.343, P < 0.05). and for W1 vs. A16 microchamber was (1.22±1.56)% and (0.42±1.42)%, respectively ( t=-5.414, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The measurements of Exradin W1 are in good agreement with the TPS result and the ionization chamber measurements, but its accuracy is easily affected by the environmental radiation of radiotherapy workplace. To measure non-coplanar radiation, the photodiode should be placed as far away as possible from the isocenter and be properly shielded, which can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of the measurement and provide a strong guarantee for clinical precision radiotherapy.

Current Alzheimer disease research highlights: evidence for novel risk factors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.

Promotion of Analgecine on Polarization of M1 Microglia to M2 and Inhibition on Secretion of Inflammatory Factors in Vitro / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of analgecine (AGC) on inflammatory response in the cell model of ischemic stroke and its mechanism. Methods:Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O2) combined with sugar-free culture-medium was used to stimulate the model of ischemic stroke in vitro. BV2 cells were divided into six groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, oxygen deprivation and recovery (OGD/R) group, OGD/R with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After oxygen and glucose deprivation for 1.5 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC in OGD/R with AGC groups. After co-incubation for three hours, the cells were treated. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant was detected. The expression of M1-type microglia marker CD16+CD32 and M2-type microglia marker CD206 were detected with immunofluorescent staining. BV2 cells were divided into seven groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, IL-4 group, IL-4 + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)-γ group, IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After 24 hours of IL-4 treatment, LPS + IFN-γ were added for 18 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC for 24 hours, the expression of CD16+CD32 and CD206 were observed by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the control group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level increased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ increased and the number of CD206+ decreased in OGD/R group. Compared with the OGD/R group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level decreased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ decreased and the number of CD206+ increased in AGC groups. Compared with the control group, the number of CD206 tended to increase, and the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease in IL-4 group; compared with IL-4 group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to increase, and the number of CD206 tended to decrease in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group; compared with IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease, and the number of CD206 tended to increase in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.25 U/ml AGC group and IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.5 U/ml AGC group, while the number of CD206 increased in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 1.0 U/ml AGC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGC could inhibit the secretion of inflammation factors by promoting the polarization of microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype.

Advance in Mechanisms of Calpain Involved in Hyperphosphorylation and Truncation of Tau Protein (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by cognitive and memory dysfunction. Calpain is widely activated in cells. Disturbance of calpain is currently thought to a main cause of hyperphosphorylation and abnormal cleavage of tau protein in AD pathology. Calpain affects the activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein phosphatase 2A, which causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of multiple sites of tau protein, and mediates truncation of tau protein monomers, and induces neurodegeneration. Calpain is expected to be a potential target for drug therapy of AD.

Efficacy and Safety of Modified Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang in Treating Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension Complicated with Depression and Liver-Yang Hyperactivity Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang in treating mild to moderate essential hypertension complicated with depression and liver-Yang hyperactivity syndrome.Method:Totally 121 mild to moderate hypertensive patients complicated with depression in line with the inclusive criteria were randomized into treatment group and control group. All of the enrolled patients in treatment group and control group were treated with conventional therapy. In treatment group, patients were given modified Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang, one dose per day. The treatment course lasted for 4 weeks. Blood pressure, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, C-reactive protein (CRP), endothelial-dependent vasodilation, and adverse effect were observed in this study.Result:Both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered when compared to control group (P<0.05). PHQ-9 score was significantly improved in treatment group (P<0.05). The score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome was significantly improved in treatment group compared to control group (P<0.05). CRP was significantly improved in treatment group compared with control group (P<0.05). Endothelial-dependent vasodilation was significantly improved in treatment group compared with control group (P<0.05). No severe adverse effect was observed in this research.Conclusion:Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang has a creation clinical efficacy in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension with depression. In addition to the effect in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, modified Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang was also effective in improving depression, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and endothelial-dependent vasodilation, and reducing the level of CRP with little adverse effect.

Randomized double-blind parallel controlled multicenter trial of Reyanning Mixture in treatment of acute tonsillitis / 中国中药杂志

This study is a randomized controlled trial of Reyanning Mixture in the treatment of acute tonsillitis. According to the ratio of 1∶1∶1, a total of 144 patients were randomly divided into Reyanning Mixture group(RYN), Reyanning Mixture+Amoxicillin Capsules group(RYN+Amoxil) and Amoxicillin Capsules group(Amoxil), with 48 cases in each group, in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RYN alone or combined with Amoxil in the treatment of acute tonsillitis, and provided high-quality evidences for treatment of infectious diseases with traditional Chinese medicine and reduced use of antibiotics. The dosage of RYN was 20 mL, 3 times a day, 100 mL/bottle, oral for 7 days, and Amoxil dosage was 0.5 g, 3 times a day, 0.5 g×12 tablets/plate, oral for 7 days. A total of 144 cases were included, 3 cases were excluded(1 case was mistakenly included, 2 cases did not take drugs after inclu-ded), and a total of 141 cases were included in the full analysis set(FAS). The results showed statistical differences in the recovery time of the disease, the disappearance rate of fever on the 3 rd day and the disappearance rate of tonsillar redness and swelling between RYN and Amoxil. There were statistical differences in the cure rate of disease, recovery time of disease, body temperature recovery time, fever disappearance rate on the 3 rd day, pharynx swelling and pain disappearance rate and tonsil swelling disappearance rate between the RYN+Amoxil and Amoxil, but with no significant difference in the above aspects compared with RYN. The DDD of antibiotic use in RYN+Amoxil was significantly lower than that in Amoxil(P<0.01). According to the findings, when RYN was used alone in the treatment of acute tonsillitis, it was superior to Amoxil in time of recovery, short-term improvement of fever and redness and swelling of tonsil. Compared with RYN+Amoxil, there was no difference in cure rate of disease, recovery time of disease, body temperature recovery time, short-term improvement of fever, swelling of pharynx and swelling of tonsil, with a better efficacy than Amoxil. The clinical effect of RYN was similar to that of combined Amoxil in the treatment of acute tonsillitis, and RYN was superior to Amoxil in the time of recovery, short-term improvement of fever and redness and swelling of tonsil, with no adverse event or adverse reaction. RYN+Amoxil can significantly reduce the DDD value of antibiotics in the treatment of acute tonsillitis, with significant clinical advantages over Amoxil.

Shenqi Xingnao Granules ameliorates cognitive impairments and Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in APP/PS1 mouse model / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is along with cognitive decline due to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuron loss. Shenqi Xingnao Granules (SQXN), a traditional Chinese medicine, significantly ameliorated the cognitive function and daily living abilities of patients with AD. However, till date, no study has investigated the mechanism of action of SQXN on AD. The present study aimed to verify the effects of SQXN treatment on cognitive impairments and AD-like pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. Methods: Four-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into a model group and SQXN-treated (3.5, 7, 14 g/kg per day) groups. Learning-memory abilities were determined by Morris water maze and object recognition test. All mice were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected after 75 d. The soluble Aβ contents were detected by Elisa kit; The levels of expression of NeuN, APP, phosphorylated tau and related protein were measured by Western blotting; The inflammation factors were detected by the proinflammatory panel kit. Results: Four-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered SQXN by oral gavage for 2.5 months. Using the Morris water maze tests and Novel object recognition, we found that SQXN restored behavioral deficits in the experimental group of Tg mice when compared with the controls. SQXN also inhibited neuronal loss (NeuN marker). SQXN treatment decreased soluble Aβ42 through inhibiting the expression of sAPPβ and BACE-1 without regulating full-length amyloid precursor protein (FL APP). Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), the Aβ degrading enzyme, were increased by SQXN. In addition, SQXN reduced hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels and prevented excessive activation of p-GSK-3β in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Compared with APP/PS1 transgenic negative mice, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70, KC/GRO and TNF-α were not obviously changed in the brain of 6.5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. However, SQXN could inhibited the expression of IL-2. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SQXN ameliorates the cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice. The possible mechanisms involve its inhibition of neuronal loss, soluble Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammation.

Clinical Characteristics of Peripheral Hemogram and DNMT3A Gene Mutation in Patients with Primary AML Treated by FLT3-ITD-mt and FLT3-ITD-wt / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 6 patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL undergoing allo-HSCT from Sep. 2014 to Sep. 2018 in the department of hematology, aerospace center hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Complications and disease-free survival after HSCT were observed.@*RESULTS@#All the patients could well tolerate the conditioning regimen and acquired hematopoietic recon-struction. Following up till December 2018, with a median time of 11.5 months (1-51); acute GVHD developed in 2 cases and chronic GVHD developed in 5 cases, Among 6 cases one case died of viral pheumonia and the other 5 patients remained disease-free survival. The longest disease-free survival time has reached 51 months.@*CONCLUSION@#allo-HSCT is a safe and effective method for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which can be chosen as salvage treatment method for patients with primary resistance. Optimization of the conditioning regimen may result in better efficacy of allo-HSCT.

Effect of cornel iridoid glycoside on PP2Ac phosphorylation in okadaic acid-induced neurotoxicity cells / 药学学报

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the aging population. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is the main cause of AD. Protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) can increase the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is one of the main components extracted from Cornus of ficinalis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of CIG on enhancing PP2A activity. SK-N-SH cells were exposed to 20 nmol·L-1 okadaic acid (OA, an inhibitor of PP2A) for 6 h to induce the hyper-phosphorylation of tau, in order to define the effect of CIG on the activity of PP2A and posttranslational modification of PP2A catalytic subunit C (PP2Ac). We found that OA significantly decreased PP2A activity, increased the phosphorylation of PP2Ac, and enhanced tau hyper-phosphorylation. Pre-incubation of CIG significantly attenuated the OA-induced tau hyper-phosphorylation at Ser 199/202 and Ser 396, and recovered the activity of PP2A. CIG inhibited PP2Ac phosphorylation at Tyr 307 and increased Src phosphorylation. In conclusion, the mechanism of CIG inhibition of tau hyper-phosphorylation was activation of PP2A to reduce the level of p-Src for a reduction of PP2Ac phosphorylation at Tyr307.

LncRNA MALAT-1 regulates expression of miR-205 and affects growth and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between LncRNA MALAT-1 and miR-205 in non-small cell lung cancer and the mechanism of biological behavior in lung cancer cells.Methods: The expression of LncRNA MALAT-1 in different non-small cell lung cancer was detected by qPCR.The interaction between MALAT-1 and miR-205 was detected by double luciferase reporter gene.Transwell invasion assay and scratch test were used to detect the changes of invasion and migration abilities of lung cancer cells after silencing MALAT-1 and the recovery the abilities after inhibition of miR-205 expression.The tumor volume and quality of lung cancer cells were detected by subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice after silencing MALAT-1.Results:Compared with other lung cancer cell lines,the expression of MALAT-1 was the highest and the expression level of miR-205 was the lowest in A549 cells.The double luciferase assay confirmed that MALAT-1 could specifically bind to 3′UTR of miR-205,and could regulate the expression and activity of miR-205.Inhibition of MALAT-1 expression could reduce the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells;while inhibiting the expression of miR-205 level,the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells could recovery.The tumor volume and quality of lung cancer cells were reduced after silencing MALAT-1 in subcutaneous tumorigenesis of nude mice.Conclusion: MALAT-1 can regulate the expression of miR-205 and affect the invasion and migration of lung cancer cell line A549.

Effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside on Senile Plaques Formation and Inflammatory Response in APP/PS1 Mice / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside (TSG) on formation of senile plaques and beta amyloid (Aβ), as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes, in cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Methods A total of 64 five-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model group (n=16), low-dose TSG (0.05 g/kg) group (n=16), high-dose TSG (0.1 g/kg) group (n=16), and donepezil group (n=16); other 32 same age wild type (WT) mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=16) and high-dose TSG (0.1 g/kg) WT group (n=16). The normal control group and model group were given distilled water, and the other groups were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically. The mice were tested with object recognition test, the deposi-tion of plaques in brain was detected with Congo red staining, and the expression of Aβ40/42, ionized calcium bind-ing adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with immunohistochemistry after seven months of treatment (twelve-month-old). Results Compared with the model group, the discrimination index significantly increased (P<0.01), the deposition of plaques decreased in brain (P<0.05), and the expression of Aβ40/42, Iba1 and GFAP all significantly decreased in each treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion TSG can improve learning and memory of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, reduce Aβ deposition and senile plaques, and reduce the inflammatory response, even in low-dose, which is similar to that of donepezil.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in elderly stroke patients with LAA and those with cardiogenic embolism-induced LVO / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes in elderly stroke patients with large artery atheroclerosis (LAA) and those with cardiogenic embolism (CE)-induced large vessel occlusion (LVO).Methods One hundred and twenty-two ≥65 years old sroke patients with LVO who underwent CT angiography or MR angiography in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2017 were divided into LAA group (n=62) and CE-induced LVO group (n =60) according to the TOAST Classification.Their NIHSS scores on admission and after discharge,good outcome after 3 months of stroke,recurrence rate and mortality of stroke were recorded and compared.Results No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate and mortality of stroke between the two groups (P＞0.05).The good outcome rate was significantly higher while the NIHSS score at discharge was significantly lower in CE-induced LVO group than in LAA group (33.33％ vs 17.74％,P=0.048;10.50±1.24 vs 11.83±1.53,P=0.001).No significant difference was found in the occlusion sites between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The recovery of neurological function is poorer in stroke patients with LVO than in those with CE-induced LVO.However,no significant difference can be found in the recurrence rate and mortality of stroke between the two groups.

Effects of Cornel Iridoid Glycoside on Learning-memory Ability and Brain Pathological Changes in Vascular Dementia Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) on the learning-memory ability and pathological changes in the brain of vascular dementia (VD) rats; To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, CIG groups low-, medium- and high-dose groups. The animal model of VD was replicated by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats. Drugs were intragastrically administered 6 h after surgery and then once a day for 3 months. Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning-memory ability, and recognition memory was measured by the object recognition test. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the neuronal survival and the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the brain. Results Three months after permanent 2VO operation, the model rats showed a longer escape latency in Morris water maze, a lower discrimination index in the object recognition test, and a decrease in NeuN positive neuronal survival and ChAT expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Compared with the model group, intragastric administration of CIG for 3 months shortened the escape latency in Morris water maze, elevated the discrimination index in the object recognition test, and increased the NeuN positive neuronal survival in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and ChAT expression of 2VO rats. Conclusion CIG can improve the cognitive impairment of VD model rats through protecting neurons and promoting ChAT expression.

Effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on Learning and Memory Ability, Contents of Choline Acetyltransferase and Acetylcholine Esterase in Brain Tissue of Mice Models with Alzheimer Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on learning and memory ability, contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue in mice models with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease (AD); To investigate its mechanism for prevention and treatment for AD. Methods Totally 110 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, control+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-dose group,model group,donepezil group,model+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-,medium-,and low-dose groups. The control and model group were given distilled water for gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine for gavage, once a day, for 14 days. On the 15th day, Morris water maze test and object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of each group. The model mice of memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was established 20 minutes before the behavioral test. The expressions of ChAT and AChE in cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the control group, the model group had significant longer escape latency(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription medium-and high-dose groups could shorten the escape latency (P<0.05). The results of the object recognition test showed that compared with the control group, the ability of the model group to explore new things decreased and the discrimination index (DI) decreased (P<0.001);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could increase the DI of model mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The results of Western blot showed that the expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, Shenqi Xingnao Prescription low- and medium-dose groups could decrease the expression of AChE in the cortex in different degrees(P<0.01);Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could decreaed the expression of AChE in the hippocampus (P<0.001); There was no significant statistical significance in the expression of ChAT in the cortex and hippocampus in each group.Conclusion Shenqi Xingnao Prescription can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD model mice induced by scopolamine, which may be related to the descent expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model mice.

Ganglioside GD3 synthase (GD3S), a novel cancer drug target

Gangliosides are a class of important glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid that are widely distributed on the outer surface of cells and are abundantly distributed in brain tissue. Disialoganglioside with three glycosyl groups (GD3) and disialoganglioside with two glycosyl groups (GD2) are markedly increased in pathological conditions such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. GD3 and GD2 were found to play important roles in cancers by mediating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis and in preventing immunosuppression of tumors. GD3 synthase (GD3S) is the regulatory enzyme of GD3 and GD2 synthesis, and is important in tumorigenesis and the development of cancers. The study of GD3S as a drug target may be of great significance for the discovery of new drugs for cancer treatment. This review will describe the gangliosides and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions; the roles of GD3 and GD2 in cancers; the expression, functions and mechanisms of GD3S, and its potential as a drug target in cancers.

Change of Neutrophils/ Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with DLBCL before and after CHOP or R-CHOP Chemotherapy and Its Effect on Survival of Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the change of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients before and after CHOP or R-CHOP chemotherapy and its effect on survival of patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 60 patients with DLBCL were collected and were retrospectively analyzed. According to median NLR, 60 patients were divided into the group L in 33 cases (NLR< 2.27) and group H in 27 cases (NLR≥ 2.27). The curative effect and survival rate by using CHOP or R-CHOP after chemotherapy were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the group H, the total effective rate after chemotherapy (55.56%) was significantly lower than that of group L (87.88%), which showed that the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); the cumulative survival rate of 1,2,3 years in the group H (70.37%, 59.26%, 37.04%) were significantly lower than that in the group L (93.94%, 87.88%, 60.61%) (P<0.05). The NLR≥ 2.27 before chemotherapy was the factor influencing the prognosis of patients with DLBCL (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NLR≥ 2.27 before chemotherapy may be used as a factor influencing the prognosis of patients with DLBCL, and the high NLR may indicate poor clinical efficacy and worse prognosis.</p>

Effects of miR-210 on Mex3 B protein on migration and proliferation of lung cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-210 on the migration and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Methods:The expression of miR-210 in normal lung tissues and lung cancer tissues were detected by qPCR. The expression of Mex3B in lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by qPCR. qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-210 in different lung cancer cell lines(A549,H1299,H1650 and H358). The effect of miR-210 on the transcription of Mex3B was detected by double luciferase reporter gene system. The effect of miR-210 expression on the activity of lung cancer cells was detected by cell viability assay. The effect of miR-210 on the proliferation of A549 cells were detected by plate cloning assay. Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effect of miR-210 on the invasion ability of lung cancer cell line A549. Results:Compared with adjacent tissues,the expression of miR-210 were significantly decreased in lung cancer tissues,Mex3B were lower in lung cancer. Double luciferase reporter gene system results showed that miR-210 can directly regulate the transcriptional activity of Mex3B. The invasion and proliferation ability of lung cancer cell line were significantly reduced after inhibition of miR-210. Conclusion:miR-210 can target regulate the expression of Mex3B, and affects the invasion and proliferation of lung cancer cells.