ABSTRACT
Foi verificada pelo teste de ELISA indireto a resposta humoral contra os toxoides botulínicos C e D em bovinos de diferentes idades. O estudo envolveu 90 animais, que foram divididos em três grupos (n = 30), de acordo com a sua faixa etária; inferior a 2 anos de idade (G1), entre 2 e 5 anos (G2) e superior a 5 anos (G3). Os grupos experimentais foram vacinados com duas doses de vacina antibotulínica bivalente (C e D) comercial, nos dias 0 e 42 após a primo-vacinação (booster). Na avaliação, quando realizada 30 dias após o booster, os animais do G3 apresentaram maior produção de anticorpos (p < 0,05) em relação aos demais grupos. Entre o G1 e G2 não houve diferença significativa na resposta humoral contra a toxina C, no entanto, contra a toxina D, os animais do G1 apresentaram maior produção de anticorpos. Todos os grupos produziram uma resposta significativa de anticorpos contra as toxinas botulínicas após a 2ª dose da vacina bivalente comercial, principalmente contra o tipo D.
Humoral response of vaccinated cattle against toxins of clostridium botulinum types C and D at different ages. Cattle humoral response against type C and D botulinum toxoids (indirect ELISA) was verified in animals of different ages. The animals (n = 90) were divided in three groups (n = 30): group one (G1): less than two years old; group two (G2): from 2 to 5 years old; group three (G3): more than 5 years old. The groups were vaccinated with two doses [0 and 42 days after primary vaccination (booster)] of bivalent (C and D) antibotulinum vaccine. Group three had higher antibody production (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the other groups, 30 days after the booster. There was no difference (G1 and G2; p ≥ 0.05) in the humoral response against C toxin, however, against D toxin, group one had higher antibody production. It was possible to conclude that after two doses of the commercial bivalent vaccine all groups produced a significant antibody response against botulinum toxins, especially against D type.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies/immunology , Botulism , Toxoids , Vaccination/veterinary , Cattle/classification , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayABSTRACT
Types C and D strains of Clostridium botulinum are commonly related to avian and mammalian botulism. Although there are numerous vaccine recommendations, little research has been conducted to indicate the real effectiveness of vaccine timing or the ideal immunization protocol for young beef calves. Four commercially available vaccines, two bivalent (Clostridium botulinum types C and D; vaccines 1 and 2) and two polyvalent (all Clostridium spp. including Clostridium botulinum types C and D; vaccines 3 and 4), that are currently used in Brazilian herds, were tested in order to verify the maternal immune response. One hundred cows, divided into four vaccinated groups and one unvaccinated group, were given a two-dose subcutaneous immunization, at day zero, followed by a second dose given at 42 days post-vaccination, which corresponded to 40 days before birth. Serum samples (n = 75) were collected only from healthy neonatal calves at 0, 7, 45 and 90 days post-calving (DPC) and subjected to indirect ELISA using the purified C and D holotoxins as capture antigens. The serological profile showed that all vaccines were able to induce a satisfactory neonatal immune response to both holotoxins at 7 DPC. However, at 45 and 90 DPC, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in the antibody level against C and D holotoxins in all tested vaccines. Neonatal immunization in calves is compromised by significant levels of maternal antibodies so that the necessity of planning a calf vaccination program involves assessment of disease risks at the production site. Finally, our findings represent the first demonstration of maternal immunity transferred to neonatal beef calves, including immunity levels after vaccination against Clostridium botulinum toxoids C and D.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle , Cattle Diseases , Clostridium botulinum/virology , Immunity , Botulinum Toxins/antagonists & inhibitors , BrazilABSTRACT
Se evalúan 44 pacientes ingresadas en el período comprendido entre 1984-2001 con patología ovárica. El 79,5 por ciento (n=35) correspondieron a tumores y el 20,5 por ciento (n=9) a lesiones quísticas. Dentro del primer grupo 31/35 correspondieron a tumores germinales y 16/31 fueron teratomas maduros. Luego de evaluación clínica, imaginológica y de marcadores tumorales en aquellos con marcadores positivos y contenido mixto o sólido se realizó Punción Aspiración con Aguja Fina (PAAF) para corroborar diagnóstico. La conducta inicial fue la cirugía en 32/34 tumores y en 9/9 lesiones quísticas no tumorales. El 67 por ciento de las últimas ingresó con cuadro abdominal agudo por lo que recibió cirugía de urgencia. De obtenerse el diagnóstico sin cuadro de abdomen agudo y con marcadores tumorales negativos se utilizó la vía laparoscópica en 3 pacientes (2 quistes simples y 1 teratoma maduro). De las 15 pacientes con tumores germinales malignos 11 recibieron quimioterapia de acuerdo a protocolos SIOP (consecutivos por el tiempo de estudio) y 2 recibieron radioterapia luego de haberse diagnosticado disgerminoma. Sólo 2 pacientes, por considerarse los tumores irresecables al ingreso, recibieron quimioterapia preoperatoria. La sobrevida global fue del 94.5 por ciento (33/35) y la sobrevida libre de reactivaciones del 90 por ciento (31/35). Las dos pacientes fallecidas correspondieron al período inicial del estudio (1984-5) ingresando con diagnóstico tardío. Cinco pacientes (34 por ciento) de las portadoras de tumores malignos y que recibieron quimioterapia se han casado y tres de ellas tienen actualmente 5 hijos sanos que se controlan en nuestro Hospital