Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the heart disease fact questionnaire among the Brazilian population

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire was developed through the processes of translation, back-translation, review committee, and pre-test. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. For construct validity, the total Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire score was correlated with the Diabetes Knowledge Scale and the Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire. Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated in this study. RESULTS: For construct validity and floor and ceiling effect measurements, a total of 100 participants were selected. Reliability was measured using a sub-sample of 30 participants from the total sample. We identified adequate values of reliability (kappa between 0.22 and 1.00 and ICC=0.75) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.79). We observed adequate correlations of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire score with Diabetes Knowledge Scale (r=0.348) and Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire (r=0.136). No ceiling or floor effects found. CONCLUSION: Brazilian Portuguese version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties according to the best scientific recommendations.

Condições socioeconômicas estão associadas ao overbite e overjet? Uma avaliação utilizando fotografias digitais / Are socioeconomic factors associated with overbite and overjet? An evaluation using digital photographs

OBJETIVO: estimar a associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e más oclusões do tipo overbite e overjet em escolares em fase de dentição permanente jovem. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em 251 escolares de sete a 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculadas no ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas do município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Todos os sujeitos da amostra realizaram fotografias extrabucais padronizadas de face (frontal em repouso, frontal sorrindo e perfil) e intrabucais (frontal, lateral direita e lateral esquerda em oclusão, oclusal superior e oclusal inferior), para o diagnóstico das alterações. As fotografias foram avaliadas por três examinadores em regime cego e as discordâncias foram discutidas até a obtenção de consenso. Overbite e overjet foram diagnosticados segundo critérios de Angle. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que 35,4% das crianças apresentaram overbite e 18,3%, overjet. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre a renda familiar com overbite (p=0.003) e com overjet (p=0.029), observando-se que a maioria das crianças que não possuíam overbite (69,4%) era de famílias com baixa renda (até 2 salários mínimos). De modo semelhante, a maioria dos portadores de overjet era de famílias com renda mais elevada, ao passo que a maioria daqueles sem overjet tinha renda familiar baixa. Para as demais variáveis não houve diferenças estatisticamente significante na distribuição de frequência de overjet e overbite. CONCLUSÃO: a prevalência de overbite e overjet nos escolares estudados é alta, especialmente entre aqueles com maior renda familiar.

PURPOSE: to estimate the association between socioeconomic factors and occlusal changes like overbite and overjet in students aged 7 to 15 years. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study in 251 students of both gender regularly enrolled in the school of public and private schools in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. All subjects carried out the sample photos extra-oral standardized face (front resting, smiling front and profile) and intraoral (front, right side and left side in occlusion, occlusal upper and lower occlusal) for the diagnosis of changes. The photographs were evaluated by three observers under blind and disagreements were discussed to achieve consensus. Overbite and overjet were diagnosed according to criteria of Angle. RESULTS: it was found that 35.4% of the children were 18.3% and overbite, overjet. There was a statistically significant association between family income and overbite (p = 0.003) and overjet (p = 0.029), noting that most children who had no overbite (69.4%) were low-income families (up to 2 minimum wage). Similarly, most people with overjet were families with higher incomes, while the majority of those without overjet had low family income. For other variables there was no statistically significant difference in frequency distribution of overjet and overbite. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of overbite and overjet among the studied population is high, especially among those with higher family income.