ABSTRACT
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Aquifoliaceae) is the basis for a hot drink very common in southern Brazil and other countries such as Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay: the mate. However, the available data about its effect on DNA are still controversial. In this research, we evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of mate with the Allium cepa assay, analyzing the frequency of micronucleus (MN), cromossomal aberrations (CA) and the mitotic index (MI) from treatments with mate only and treatments with mate and the positive control Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS) being administered previously, simultaneously and subsequently. Mate itself did not show mutagenic potential. However, the protocols which MMS was administered simultaneously and subsequently, it potentiated the mutagenic effect of the drug. There was no significant increase in the previous treatment with MMS, indicating that there wasn?t a positive or negative influence of the mate on the DNA repair system and other mechanisms for reversing damage on meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Therefore, our results suggests that substances present in mate can act potentiating mutagenic and carcinogenic agents present in other compounds or perhaps damaging cells barriers from certain substances that harm the genetic material.
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Aquifoliaceae) é a base de uma bebida quente muito comum no sul do Brasil e em outros países tais como Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai. No entanto, os dados disponíveis sobre seu efeito no DNA são ainda controversos. Nesta pesquisa, nós avaliamos a atividade mutagênica e antimutagênica do mate no sistema teste de Allium cepa, analisando a frequência de micronúcleos (MN), aberrações cromossômicas (CA) e o índice mitótico (MI) de tratamentos somente com mate e tratamentos com mate e o controle positivo Metil Metano Sulfonase (MMS) sendo administrado anteriormente, simultaneamente e posteriormente. O mate sozinho não apresentou potencial mutagênico. Porém, nos protocolos com MMS sendo administrados simultaneamente e posteriormente, o mate potencializou o efeito mutagênico da droga. Não houve aumentos significativos nos protocolos de tratamento anterior com MMS, indicando que não houve uma influência positiva ou negativa do mate no sistema de reparo de DNA ou outros mecanismos de reversão dos danos nas células meristemáticas da cebola. Desta forma, nossos resultados sugerem que substâncias presentes no mate podem agir potencializando agentes mutagênicos e carcinogênicos presentes em outros compostos ou talvez possam danificar as barreiras celulares a certos compostos que agridem o material genético.
Subject(s)
DNA , Antimutagenic Agents , Ilex paraguariensis , CarcinogensABSTRACT
The glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) gene which acts during phase II of xenobiotic metabolism is polymorphic in the population, being absent in about 30-50 percent of individuals depending on the ethnic group from which they come. Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals who are homozygous null at the GSTM1 locus may have an increased risk of developing various types of neoplastic disease. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to estimate the frequency of GSTM1 in 176 healthy individuals from the north of Paraná (Brazilian state), the null genotype being detected in 48.86 percent of these individuals. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate the frequency of the glutathione S-transferase null genotype in relation to age, gender and smoking habit and no significant differences were found. In our sample there were 142 individuals of Caucasian origin, of which 47.88 percent had the null genotype. When applied to the Caucasian group only (n = 142) the Student's t-test again showed no significant differences between the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype and age, gender and smoking habit