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Rev. salud pública ; 14(5): 831-841, Sept.-Oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703399

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Estimar el efecto de la rehabilitación cardiaca (RC) pos-infarto, según sus niveles de intervención, sobre las tasas de re-hospitalización. Métodos Estudio de cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de IAM. Se obtuvieron datos sobre gravedad del infarto, antecedentes, historia médica, evolución intrahospitalaria, clasificación Killip, estancia y condición de egreso. A través de la historia clínica electrónica y mediante contacto telefónico se constató si el paciente recibió RC y cuáles fueron sus componentes; el seguimiento se extendió hasta por un año. Resultados Se incluyeron 96 pacientes de ambos sexos con IAM. En 72 se contó con información sobre RC; 5 de los cuales recibieron RC basada únicamente en actividad física; 49 pacientes recibieron una RC más completa que integró actividad física, educación, psicología y nutrición; 18 pacientes no recibieron RC. Durante el seguimiento, se registraron 10 nuevas hospitalizaciones y una muerte. En un modelo de Poisson, los pacientes cuya RC se basó sólo en la actividad física presentaron una tasa de re-hospitalizaciones significativamente mayor que la de los pacientes que recibieron un esquema completo de RC (Razón de tasas: 5,89; IC 95 %:1,14-30,49; ρ=0,04). Conclusiones La RC debe tener un enfoque multidisciplinario, que además del componente físico, incluya el psicológico, nutricional y educativo.


Objective Estimating the effect of post-infarction cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on readmission/re-hospitalization rates according to intervention level. Method This was a prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed as suffering acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Data concerning infarction severity, previous illness, medical history, hospital course, Killip classification, length of hospital stay and condition on discharge. Medical records and telephone contact were used to confirm whether a patient had received CR and ascertain pertinent components. Follow-up was extended to one year. Results 96 AMI patients of both genders were included; information about CR was available for 72 of them,5 of whom had received CR based only on physical activity. 49 patients received complete CR based on education, physical activity, psychological and nutritional assessment. 18 patients had not received CR. One death and 10 new admissions/hospitalizations were recorded during follow-up. A Poisson regression model showed that patients who had received CR based only on physical activity presented significantly higher re-hospitalization rates than patients who had received a complete CR scheme (rate ratio 5.89:1.14-30.4995 % CI; p=0.04). Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach must bead opted to CR involving physical activity, education and psychological and nutritional assessment.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/rehabilitation , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Colombia/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Coronary Disease/diet therapy , Coronary Disease/psychology , Coronary Disease/therapy , Counseling , Exercise Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Health Promotion , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/psychology , Nutrition Assessment , Patient Discharge , Patient Education as Topic , Program Evaluation , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Sleep Wake Disorders/prevention & control , Stress, Psychological/prevention & control , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Treatment Outcome
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