Stress effect on neurons of cingulate gyrus in postweaned albino mice - A histological study.

Stress is a common experience of daily life and all organisms have evolved mechanisms and strategies to deal with crucial alterations in their internal and external environment. Events early in post- weaning life influence brain development and subsequent adult behaviour. This study was conducted to observe neurodegeneration in normal and stressed condition in Postweaning age group of miceExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of restraint stress and foot shock stress applied for 5 days (short duration) and 21 days (long duration). BALB/ C strain of Albino mice were used. In restraint stress, animals were restrained for 6 hours daily in a restraining device. In foot shock group, animals were given intermittent electric foot shock for 3 hours daily in an electric foot shock apparatus. Animal were sacrificed at the end of stress exposure period along with their age matched control mice and the brains were processed for histological examination both in control and experimental groups. Numbers of v Rao MK, Sushma RK. Stress effect on neurons of cingulate gyrus in study. IAIM, 2015; 2(7): 30-35. - A histological , B2*, Antony Sylvan , SD4, Mohandas Rao K5, Sushma RK Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Ma Associate Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Integrated Medicine, Vol. 2, Issue 7, July Copy right © 2015, IAIM, All Rights Reserved. Available online at http://iaimjournal.com/ ISSN: 2394-0026 (P) ISSN: 2394-0034 (O) 16-06-2015 Accepted on: 24 Nil Conflict of interest: Events early in post adult behaviour. This study was conducted t hours daily in an electric foot shock viable neurons in the cingulate gyrus regions were counted. The data were analysed between the groups. Results of the study revealed neurodegenerative changes in the stressed group compared to control in both the experimental groups. Severe neurodegenerative changes were observed on prolonged exposure to stress.

A Rare Case of Bilateral High Origin of the Testicular Artery with Variations in the Course and Branches

In general, testicular artery (TA) usually arises from the antero-lateral part of the abdominal aorta below the origin of the renal arteries at second lumbar vertebrae level. Very rarely variations in the origin of the testicular arteries are observed. We here report a rare case of bilateral unusual origin and course of the testicular artery. On the right side, testicular artery aroused from the aorta about 0.5cm above the origin of the renal artery and gave off inferior suprarenal artery. In contrast, left testicular artery springs from the pre-hilar branch of the left renal artery, 2cm before reaching the hilum of kidney. On both sides, testicular arteries descended in front of the hilar structures of the kidney. Since, the origin and course of the testicular artery is important to consider during surgical and diagnostic interventions, knowledge of such variation may be helpful in avoiding diagnostic and surgical errors and adverse consequences especially during laparoscopic approaches.