ABSTRACT
Background: H. pylori is one of gastric bacterial infectious agents that reported from world whole. This organism is heterogen and have hyper variable regions in its genome that to cause organism escape from immune response. H. pylori cagA+ strains will report that is stimulating factor for adenocarcinoma, gastritis in infected persons. H. pylori LPS have less toxicity, mitogenicity and pyrogenicity than Entrobactericeae. In this study we investigated the LPS and rCagA senergistic effect on stimulation of Th1 immune response in mice model
Materials and Methods: LPS of H. pylori O[2] serotype was extracted by hot phenol-water method. Proper conserved fragment of cagA was expressed in proper vectors. These antigens were injected to Balb/c mice and immune response was assayed by ELISA
Results: the IgG1/IgG2a ratio in the immunized mice with rCagA and rCagA plus CpG was <1, indicating a Th1 type response, while the control group was >1, indicating a strong Th2 response. In mice immunized with LPS and rCagA, the immune response elevated which indicated synergistic effect of this antigen on stimulating of strong immune response against H. pylori infection
Conclusion: effective immunizations against H. pylori will possible affected treatment in next future. Protective immune response in H. pylori is balance between Th1/Th2.These data suggest that immunization with rCagA and LPS promoted a Th1 immune response. H. pylori rCagA and LPS serve as an excellent antigen for immunization. In conclusion, we recommended multicomponent vaccine contain of rCagA and LPS for vaccine formulation against H. pylori infection
ABSTRACT
Background: pneumonia is the second most frequent nosocomial infection. The incidence ranges from 4 to 50 cases per 1000 hospital admissions. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection caused by multi drug resistance bacteria in patients submitted in Baqyiatallah hospital during one year of period
Materials and Methods: the study was conducted prospectively during a period of 12 months from March to February 2005 in Baqyiqtallah hospital in Tehran, Iran and focusing on respiratory tract microbiology in the first 24 h following diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Bacterial strains were isolated from various clinical samples of patients and identified by the conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed on isolates using the agar disc-diffusion technique
Results: the prevalence of nosocomial pneuminia during this study period was 41.7%.The most nosocomial infections were belonged to intensive care unit [ICU]. The most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus aureus [41.4%] followed by Pseudomonas auroginosa [26.7%]
Conclusion: nosocomial pneumonia rate in current study was lower than those reported by other researchers; however, the most prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia was from ICU and patients with more than 50 years of ages. There is a need to study more the causes of nosocomial pneumonia and development of preventative strategies in order to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections
ABSTRACT
Background: Efflux is the process in which bacteria transport compounds outside the cell which are potentially toxic, such as drug or chemicals or compounds
Materials and methods: For this review article by using key words: multidrug resistace, microorganisms, efflux pumps, resistance mechanism we have assessed 12 articles in journals published during 1997-2002
Results: Multidrug efflux systems endow on bacterial cells the ability to limit the access of antimicrobial agents to their targets. By actively pumping out antibiotic molecules, these systems prevent the intra cellular accumulation necessary for antibiotics to exert their lethal actively. Drug efflux appears to be one of the most widespread antibiotic resistance mechanisms among microorganisms, since it has been demonstrated to ocuur in many Gram positive and Gram- negative bateria including medically important species like staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria and opportunistic pathogens like pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial antimicrobial efflux transporters have generally been grouped into five superfamily. These include the major facilitator superfamily [MFS], the ATP- binding cassette family, the resistance nodulation - division [RND] family, the small multidrug resistance [SMR] and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion [MATE] family
Conclusion: Efflux pumps can be specific for only one substrate or accommodate a more or less wide range of noxious products
ABSTRACT
Background: Efflux is the process in which bacteria transport compounds outside the cell which are potentially toxic, such as drug or chemicals or compounds
Materials and Methods: For this review article by using key words: multidrug resistace, microorganisms, efflux pumps, resistance mechanism we have assessed 12 articles in journals published during 1997-2002
Results: Multidrug efflux systems endow on bacterial cells the ability to limit the access of antimicrobial agents to their targets. By actively pumping out antibiotic molecules, these systems prevent the intra cellular accumulation necessary for antibiotics to exert their lethal actively. Drug efflux appears to be one of the most widespread antibiotic resistance mechanisms among microorganisms, since it has been demonstrated to ocuur in many Gram positive and Gram- negative bateria including medically important species like staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria and opportunistic pathogens like pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial antimicrobial efflux transporters have generally been grouped into five superfamily. These include the major facilitator superfamily [MFS], the ATP- binding cassette family, the resistance - nodulation - division [RND] family, the small multidrug resistance [SMR] and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion [MATE]family
Conclusion: Efflux pumps can be specific for only one substrate or accommodate a more or less wide range of noxious products