[Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of intra oral digital radiography with and without zoom option software in the detection of occlusal dentinal caries: an in vitro study]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic precision of zoom option of Cygnus Ritter CCD intraoral digital sensor compared to original digital radiography in the detection of occlusal dentinal caries. Eighty-six extracted premolars with no apparent clinical caries were selected. Two methods were used for radiography; namely, digital radiography using a Cygnus Ritter CCD sensor and then zoom option was applied to the original radiographs. Four maxillofacial radiologists observed the original digital and the same radiographs with zoom option to detect occlusal dentinal caries subsequently recording it in a five-grade scale. Microscopic sections evaluated by a pathologist were used as the gold standard for caries detection. The data were analyzed with a proportion test and processed with SPSS maxillofacial 14 soft ware. Statistical analysis showed a sensitivity of 52.2% [71] [CI: 95%] for zoom option in the detection of occlusal dentinal caries [P<0.05]. The specificity was shown as 68.8% [143] [P>0.05]. The ppv was calculated as 52.2% [179] [P<0/.05] and npv as 68.8% [236] [P<0.05] and the accuracy was 62.2% [214] [P<0.05]. The zoom option of Cygnus Ritter CCD sensor showed a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity, ppv, npv and accuracy compared to original digital radiographs, but the zoom option of that sensor did not show a significantly higher diagnostic specificity compared to original digital radiographs

[ effect of head and neck radiation therapy on salivary biochemical indicators]

Saliva plays a crucial role in preserving and maintaining oral health. Hyposalivation due to head and neck radiation therapy may induce changes to the biochemical properties of the saliva. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare saliva properties before and after radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancers. In this quasi experimental study, 18 patients [13 male, 5 female] with head and neck cancers were evaluated regarding the flow rate of saliva, buffering capacity, amylase, total protein, IgM, IgA, IgG and albumin concentration of saliva prior to and following radiotherapy by schirmer test, pH meter, biuret, turbidometry and spectrophotometry. The oral symptoms due to radiotherapy [xerostomia, loss of taste, difficulty in swallowing, eating and speaking] were evaluated according to the patients' complaints. S tatistical analysis of the results was performed with paired t test. There was statistically significant changes in flow rate [28.27 +/- 7.8 Vs 10.94 +/- 12.2], salivary buffering capacity [6.47 +/- 0.68 Vs 5.06 +/- 0.52], amylase [2536.5 +/- 707.9 Vs 1053.23 +/- 343.5] and IgM concentration [0.87 +/- 1.8 Vs 0.04 +/- 0.07] before and after radiation therapy [p

[Prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a group of young and old Iranian patients]

Statement and Problems: Oral malignant tumors are the eleventh most common malignancy in the world, the most common type of which is oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC]. It is typically seen in middle-aged to elderly men but it has recently been seen in young adults

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in two different age groups in an Iranian population, and also to compare the related factors in these two groups

Materials and Method: The study was descriptive and performed In Imam Khomeiny Cancer Institute, Taleghani and BooAli hospital in Tehran during Apr 2007 to July 2009. Our study group consisted of patients diagnosed with OSCC after biopsy. All demographic data, stage of the disease, occupation, blood group and other risk factors were gathered by reviewing pathological and clinical records. The patients were divided into younger [45] age groups and related factors in these groups were compared through Chi-square test in SPSS statistical package [16]

Results: Out of 170 patients suffering from OSCC, 138 cases [81.2%] were in the older age group. In this group, there were no statistically significant differences between sex. Tongue and blood group A were the most common site and blood group, respectively [p <0.05]. Thirty two patients [18.8%] were in the young group, and mandibular mucosa and floor of the mouth were the most affected site. The great number of the patients were from the north of the country and in stage [IV] of the disease [p <0.05]

Conclusion: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is more prevalent in older Iranian patients and the pattern of the disease is different in young patients

[Expresion of Ki67antigen in oral and esophagus squamous cell carcinoma]

Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] is the most frequent malignant tumor of oral cavity and esophagus. Ki67 antigen, a proliferative cell marker, has a significant role in determining biological behavior of the tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Ki67 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and esophagus and their correlated factors. In this descriptive study 40 paraffin embeded blocks of patients with oral and esophagus S.C.C [20 of each] were selected, clinicopathological data were recorded and Immunohistochemical staining [1HC] was done on the newly cut sections for Ki67 antigen. The immunostained cells were counted on 10 HPF [High Power Field] Percent of positive cell5 [Labeling Index] was calculated and then classified in to low [LI. 45%] and high [LI>45%] levels. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS, version 13 and Chi-square test. The results showed that 24 cases [60%] were male and 16 cases [40%] were female. The mean age of the patients was 65.3 +/- 14.3. 45% of esophageal SCC specimens and 10% of oral SCC specimens were in high expression group. 55% of esophageal SCC and 90% of oral SCC were in low expression group and there was significant differences among oral and esophagus SCC [P<0.05]. Age and sex were not correlated with Ki67 expression but the grade and size of the tumors were significantly correlated with the expression of Ki67.[Oral: P=0.01, P=0.03 respectively], [Esophageal: P=0.02, P=0.03 respectively]. Ki67 expression in esophageal SCC was significantly higher than oral SCC which may define its more aggressive behavior. Age and sex were not correlated with Ki67 expression, but the grade and size of the tumors were significantly correlated with Ki67 expression

[Ridge preservation with OSSEO+ compared to Cenobone for implant site development: a clinical and histologic study in humans]

Alveolar ridge reduction after tooth extraction could be minimized via ridge preservation by using grafting material. The aim of this study was to compare OSSEO+ [allograft, made by IMTEC Corporation] with CenoBone [allograft, made by Tissue Regeneration Corporation] in preservation and bone formation of the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. This randomized double blind clinical trial was accomplished on 20 patients. Subjects were divided into two groups of 10 each with respect to similarity in age, gender, jaw being treated and cigarette smoking habits. The effect of each material was studied clinically and histologically. Horizontal and vertical ridge dimensions were determined immediately after tooth extraction and three months later before implant placement. Three months after application of each material, histologic analysis of the trephine cores was done to determine the percentage of vital, nonvital, trabecular, amorphous bones and number of osteoblasts. Statistical analysis was done using Repeated Measure ANOVA. T-test was used for statistical analysis of bone formation. In both groups minimum reduction in height and width of alveolar ridge was observed with no statistically significant difference. The extent of vital, non-vital, trabecular and amourphous bones wasn't statistically significant. The amount of osteoblasts was significantly higher in CenoBone group [6.98 +/- 1.57] than in OSSEO+ group [4.88 +/- 1.56] [P<0/05]. Both materials were similar in preservation of alveolar ridge height and width. The extent of vital, non-vital, trabecular and amourphous bones in both groups were similar. It shoud be said that according to the present findings, foreign sample of DFDBA isn't better than Iranian sample. Only the number of osteoblasts in CenoBone group was higher

[Quantitative analysis of argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions in different histological grading of mucoepidermoid carcinoma]

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC] is one of the most common malignancies of the salivary glands. Since the microscopic grading of this tumor is one of the important factors for determining the treatment plan and prognosis, it should have standard and applicable criteria. The AgNORs method is able to determine grading, prognosis and power of proliferation of tumors and can be applied for Mucoepidermoid carcinoma grading. The aim of this study was to assess cellular proliferation in salivary glands mucoepidermoid carcinoma with quantitative comparison of AgNORs and its relation to histological grading. In this descriptive-analytical study, 42 formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected. Five cases were eliminated due to the exclusion criteria and 37 cases including 15 low grades MEC, 11 intermediate grade MEC, and 11 high grade MEC were studied. After AgNORs processing, NORs were counted by light microscope in magnification 1000. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test. Mean AgNORs count for high, intermediate and low grade MEC was 1.65 +/- 0.73, 1.1 +/- 0.35, and 0.76 +/- 0.32, respectively. There was a significant difference in AgNORs count among the three groups [p<0/05]. The findings of this study indicated that this method can be used for microscopic grading of MEC as an accessory method. Future studies are recommended to determine sensitivity and specifity of this method

[Prevalence of epulis fissuratum and its associated factors in dependent elderlies, Tehran 2005]

According to relatively high prevalence of epulis fissuratum in patients having compete denture, with its known consequences and predicaments; also, the controversy and lack of information about the prevalence of epulis fissuratum especially in Iranian dependent elderly, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epulis fissuratum and its associated actors, in two senatorium of Tehran [Kahrizak, and Pasdaran] in 1384. This cross- sectional study was done on 201 dependent elderlies having complete dentures. Clinical examinations were done to diagnose and record the epulis fissuratum which is a sessile pedanculated inflammatory fibrous hyperplastic lesion under base of the denture. Associated factors such as sex, age, site of living, retention, and stability of denture, satisfaction of denture esthetic, complete denture maker, and complete denture wearing period were studied. The prevalence of epulis fissuratum was determined and the associated factors were statistically analysed by Chi-square test. The prevalence of epulis fissuratum was 16.4%. There was significant relation among the prevalence of epulis fissuratum with sex, stability, retention of complete denture and period of wearing complete denture on 24 hours [P<0.05]. Other studied factors didnt have any significant relation with incidence of epulis fissuratum. The prevalence of epulis fissuratum was noticeable. With regard to probable dysplastic and precancerous changes in this lesion cohort and clinical studies are recommended

Prevalence of oral giant cell lesions in 22 years [1981-2003] in Shaheed Beheshti dental school

On time diagnosis of jaw lesions is important to achieve proper treatment plan by dentist, and the way to improve this aim is identifying of epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characterization of lesions. Giant cell lesions are the group of oral and maxillary lesions which could be destructive. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral giant cell lesions in period of 22 years in Shaheed Beheshti University Dental Faculty, Oral Pathology Department. This cross sectional and retrospective study was carried on descriptively on existing data. The study included patient's files with oral giant cell lesions in oral and maxillofacial pathology department in Shaheed Beheshti Dental School during 1981 till 2003. Data were analysed with Excell software by chi-square test. Out of 3390 studied files in period of 22 years, 325 cases [9.5%] were giant cell lesions. The most prevalent lesion was peripheral giant cell granoluma [PGCG] and the prevalent ones were central giant cell granoluma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor and Brown tumor. Prevalence of lesions in female were 58.2% and 41.8% in the male. Radiolucency was the most observed radiographic view. In 44.8% of cases primary clinical diagnosis were correct. The prevalence of oral giant cell lesions was 9.5%. PGCG was the most prevalent. Calculus and dental plaque are the etiological factors of this lesion, which determines that hygienic instructions are the main components of dental performance. On the other hand, 39.3% of the discussed lesions had incorrect clinical diagnosis which emphasized the microscopic evaluation of biopsies for correct diagnostic process of oral giant cell lesions

[ frequency of cleft lip and palate and the celated risk factors in a group of neonates in the city of kerman during 1994-2002]

Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital clefts in humans. Etiology of oral clefts is multifactorial [genetic and environmental factors] and prevalence of oral clefts is different among various ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of oral clefts and risk factors related to it among a group of newborns in Iran. This descriptive study was performed on 147500 files of newborns [1994-2002] in Mahdieh and Akbarabady Hospital in Tehran. The files of 193 files of newborns with oral clefts, 240 normal newborns as control group and their mothers were evaluated. Demographic data along with information about [sex, weight, prematurity, type of oral clefts] of newborns and age, drug consumption and familial matrimony of mothers were recorded. Data were analized by SPSS 10 software and the Chi-square test. Out of totally 147500 newborns 193 cases had oral clefts [1.3 for 1000 birth], 46.11% had cleft lip+cleft palate], 29.01% had [cleft lip] and 24.87% had cleft palate]. Male to female ratio was 1.27. Oral clefts were significantly higher in low weight newborns [<2500 gr] [P<0.001, OR= 3.2]. A significant relationship was found between familial matrimony of parents [P<0.001, OR=27], age of mother and systemic disease the mother and organic disorders. [P=0.04, OR=2.6, OR=2.3] with oral cleft in new borns. In 50% of newborns with cleft palate had other skeletal. The present study showed that frequency of oral clefts in the studied population was 1.3 for 1000 births, which is similar to other research results in Iran. On the base of this study low birth weight of newborns [<2500 gr], familial matrimony of parents, age of mother and systemic disease of her and large size family are the most predisposing factors associated with oral clefts, respectively A prenatal care program for pregnant women and genetic consultation in high risk groups is recomended