[Blood serum electrolyte and non-electrolyte parameters in breeding rutilus frisiikutum kammensky]

Reference values of serum parameters are important markers in health evaluation and diagnosis of diseases, as well as in controlling biological processes in aquatic animals. The aim of this research was to determine the reference values of biochemical factors in breeding Rutilus frisii kutum. Blood samples were collected from captured fish from Tajan River. Serum levels of glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P], sodium [Na], and potassium [K] were measured. The serum levels of different biochemical values in males and females were as follows: Na for males 387.1 +/- 11.5, and females 420.7 +/- 7.1; K for males 39.9 +/- 10.6, and for females 37.9 +/- 7.4; P for males 19.2 +/- 1.0, and females 28.9 +/- 2.8; Ca for males 15.9 +/- 1.5, and for females 21.6 +/- 1.0; glucose for males 209.8 +/- 23.2, and for females 83.8 +/- 11.3; cholesterol for males, 472.6 +/- 23.6, and for females 306.6 +/- 22.9; triglyceride for males 393 +/- 23.3, and for females 275.1 +/- 9.2; total bilirubin for males 0.4 +/- 0.02, and for females 0.3 +/- 0.02; direct bilirubin for males 0.1 +/- 0.03, and for females 0.1 +/- 0.02; BUN for males 22.3 +/- 1.0, and for females 24.1 +/- 1.1; creatinine for males 0.5 +/- 0.1, and for females 0.7 +/- 0.1 [mg/dl]; total protein for males 5.8 +/- 0.5, and for females 4.4 +/- 0.5; albumin for males 3.3 +/- 0.2, and for females 3.0 +/- 0.2 [g/dl]. The current results indicate that there are significant differences in serum values of glucose, cholesterol, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, phosphorus, sodium and calcium between males and females. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride [p<0.001], glucose, total bilirubin [p<0.01] and direct bilirubin [p<0.05] in males, and those of phosphorus, calcium [p<0.01] and sodium [p<0.05] in females were significantly higher as compared to the opposite sexes. It can be concluded that the studied parameters may be affected by physiological factors such as the sex of fish

[ effects of orally administered allicin on serum activity of some enzymes in experimental lead poisoning in common carp [cyprinus carpio]]

Lead poisoning in aquatic animals is of special importance, as is also true for all living creatures. Alicin, one of the main active components of garlic, is expected to play a protective role against lead poisoning, due to its abundant sulfur amino acids. This research studied the toxic effects of lead in Common carp focusing on blood serum enzyme activities. The study focused on five groups each including 46 Common carp [100 +/- 10g]. The groups 2-5 received lead acetate at 7mg/Lfor 10 days. Group 3 received 5mg allicin/KgBwt; and Group 4 received daily amounts of 10mg allicin/KgBwt, beginning 5 days before lead acetate was added. Group 5 received the same as Group 4, but received allicin for the same period as it received lead acetate. At the end of the experimental period a measurement was made of serum enzymes including GGT, ALT, AST, LDH and ALP. The studied parameters in Group 2, which was exposed to lead, were significantly higher when compared to the Control Group [p<0.001]. The enzyme activities in groups receiving allicin [Groups 3-5] were significantly, and dose dependently, less than those of Group 2. However, no significant differences were observed between Groups 4 and 5. The results of the present research suggest a potent effect for allicin in alleviating tissue injuries following lead poisoning

[Clinical and pathological study of long-term bath of zinc sulfate on cutaneous healing in common carp [Cyprinus carpio]]

Cutaneous lesions in fishes due to viral, bacterial, parasitic, mechanical and chemical agents are very common, leading to severe infection and high mortality. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of long term bath of zinc sulfate [15 and 23 ppm], healing of cutaneous lesions caused by surgical incision in carps. In this study, 210 carps were disinfected by 3% salt solution for 15 minutes. In each fish, an incision of 1.5 cm long and 2 mm deep was made on the left dorsal side. The fishes were then randomly divided into 3 groups, 70 fishes in each group. One group served as the control, and the other two groups were considered as the test groups which treated with 15 and 23 ppm of zinc sulfate respectively. During the study, at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21, 7 fishes were randomly selected and tissue samples were prepared from incision site. Histopathological examination revealed that regeneration process of epithelial tissue was started at day 2 and was completely at day 7 in all fishes. However the healing process in group 2, particularly the formation granulation tissue, was started and completed earlier than group 1 and the control group. According to the results of clinical assessment and histopathology, it is concluded that long term bath of zinc sulfate has positive effects on fibroplasias during the healing process of cutaneous lesions

effect of supplementation of feed with exogenous enzymes on the growth of common carp [Cyprinus carpio]

Supplementary feed exogenous enzymes have improved the growth rates of various food animals. In this research, the effect of Endofeed W, a multienzyme feed supplement, was investigated on the growth of carp. Accordingly, 134 fish [33.1 +/- 0.8 g] were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups. During the first stage of the experiment [10 days], group 1-3 received 1,2 and 3 g Endofeed W per kg diet, respectively. The fourth group [control] received a placebo. All fish were weighed and redistributed for the second stage of the experiment, during which the test groups received 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g Endofeed W per kg diet, respectively. During the first stage of the experiment, the multienzyme supplement reduced the fish weights, dose dependently, being statistically significant with the highest dose [P<0.05]. During the second stage of the experiment, a rather similar weight loss, especially with higher doses of the supplement, was observed. However, the differences were not significant [P>0.05]. The feed conversion rates were evidently higher in groups receiving Endofeed W. The present study suggests the enzyme supplement, Endofeed W, is not only ineffective in improving the growth and feed conversion rates of carp, it may even exert negative effects with higher doses

[Protective effect of thiamine on the induced lesions by experimental lead poisoning in gold fish [carassius auratus]]

Lead is one of the heavy metal that is very toxic for environment and organisms. Lead can inhibits many physiological processes and it is so dangerous for body tissues. In this study, four groups of fish [carassius auratus] 35 in each, were used for experiment. Group 1 was as control, in group 2 fishes were exposed to lead acetate at concentration of 8.5 mg/l, fishes in group 3 and 4 were also exposed to lead acetate in the same concentration of group 2 supplemented with vitamin B1[thiamine] at doses 30mg/l and 60mg/l, for 21 days respectively. Tissue specimens including gill, brain, kidney and liver were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and stained with H and E. Results of histopathological findings evaluated with two non parametric Kruskal - Wallis Test and Mann - Whitney Test. Histopathology of brains of fishes in group two, showed hyperemia, privascular edema, prineuronal edema and ischemic cell changes. According to Mann - Whitney Test, hyperemia and edema lesions, the difference between group 2 and 4 was significant. This result showed some efficacy of thiamine at concentration of 60mg/l in prevention of brain lesions caused by lead poisoning. Histopathology of kidneys revealed hyperemia, degenerative and necrotic changes, swelling of epithelial cells, hyperplasia of melanomacrophage centers, intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells. In kidney, goup 2 and 3 showed significant difference in swelling of epithelial cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies and degenerative necrotic changes according to Mann - Whitney test. In liver, hyperemia, hyperplasia of melanomacrophage centers, hepatocellular vacular degeneration and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed. In liver, the difference of hyperemia were significant in group 2 and 4. Considering the histopathological findings and based on Mann-Whitney test, non of lesions revealed significant difference in gill. According to the result of this experiment, it seems that thiamine has some degrees of protective effects on lead poisoning lesions in brain, kidney and liver of Goldfish, and it seems that the thiamine has a dose depended role dose on lead poisoning in fish

[Determination of normal values of blood serum enzymes in Acipenser persicus]

Determination of normal values of serum enzymes in Acipenser persicus. Descriptive study. Fifteen male and 17 female Acipenser persicus. Blood samples were obtained by veinponcture and the levels of enzymes were measured using an autoanalyzer. Parametric t-test and pearson correlation tests. Values of enzymes were determined as: Asparat amino transferase [AST] = 294. 59 +/- 61.26 IU/L, Alanine amino transferase [ALT] = 5.96 +/- 1.27 IU/L, Alkanine phosphatae [ALP] =74.68 +/- 13.59 IU/L, Lactate dehyrogenase [LDH] = 20118.43 +/- 507.55 IU/L, Creatine phosphokinase [CK] =6878.70 +/- 1832.63 IU/L and Acid phosphatase [ACP] = 16.06 +/- 2.71 IU/L. There was a significant difference in CK activity between female [7609.41 +/- 1674.16 Iu/lit] and male [5991.42 +/- 1659.77 Iu/lit] fishes. Moreover there was significant correlation between AlT and ACP values [P<0.05, r=0.382]

Determination of concentration of some blood serum enzymes of huso huso

The aim of the present study was determination of reference values of blood serum enzymes of Huso huso. Descriptive study. 18 male and 18 female Huso huso was studied. Blood samples were obtained from caudal vein of 18 males and 18 females and the levels of enzymes were measured by an autoanalyzer. Parametric t- test and Pearson correlation test. Results of measurements for total samples are as follows: Asparat amino transferase [AST] = 290/27 +/- 60/29 IU/L, Alanine amino transferase [ALT] = 6/06 +/- 1/14 IU/L, Alkanine phosphatase [ALP] = 76/13 +/- 13/54 IU/L, Lactate dehyrogenase [LDH] = 2083/05 +/- 495/18 IU/L, Creatine phosphokinase [CK] = 6724/85 +/- 2079/29 IU/L, Acid phosphatase [ACP] = 16/76 +/- 2/53 IU/L, Obtained results showed, based on t- student statistical method used for the 6 enzyme that there is not any significant difference among male and female fishes. Also in pearson correlation test, there could neither be found any correlation among the 6 enzymes which were studied, nor any correlation among the male and female fishes