ABSTRACT
Objectives: To achieve certain link between diabetes, inflammation and oxidative stress, and to evaluate the effects of oral anti-diabetic agents; glibenclamide, nateglinide and Gymnema. sylvestre, inflammation and oxidative in streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabeticc rats
Setting: Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University
Design: Group comparative study
Animals: STZ-diabetic adult male albino rats were allocated into groups and treated according to the following schedule [1] glibenclamide [2] nateglinide was used at two doses 50 ug/g body weight and 100 ug/g body weight [3] Gymnema sylvestre at two doses 200 mg/kg and 400 night; A normal control group and STZ-diabetic one were used for comparison. Intervention: Experimental diabetes was induced in rats by a single IP injection of strcptozotocin [STZ] at a dose of 45 mg/kg
Methods: Serum glucose was estimated enzymatically, hemoglobin A1C assayed by colon'mwic determination. The assay of pancreatic malondialdehyde [MDA] level, superoxide dismutasc activity [SOD] and catalase activity [CAT] were detected by colon'metric methods. Monocytc chemoattractant protein-l [MCP-l], pancreatic ihsulin content and serum insulin were estimated by ELISA. Parts of the pancreas were subjected for histopathological studies
Results: Injection of STZ induced significant hyperglycemia, which confirmed by a significant increase in serum glucose level and hemoglobin A1: and a significant decrease in serum insulin. Diabetic control fats showed significant reduction in cellular antioxidant defense system. Antioxidant enzzymes SOD and catalase activities were reduced significantly in pancreatic homogenates, while pancreatic tissue MDA level was significantly increased. STZ-induccd diabetic rats demonstrated significant increase in MCP-l. Glibenclamide induced a signihcam hypoglycemic effect and significant increase in pancreatic SOD and catalase activities. Meanwhile: nateglinide administration induced significant hypoglycemic effect associated with non significant changes in the other tested parameter. Gymnema sylvestre exhibited Significant hypoglycemic effect associated with antioxidant effect. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the effect of natiglinide is limited as a hypoglycemic agent without antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effect. While glibenclamide and Gymnema sylvestre possess antioxidant effect in addition to their anti-diabetic activity, however they do not have effect on MCP-l
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to compare the performance of progestogen- only contraceptive methods [Norplant, NET-EN, POP, DMPA, CVR] to non- hormonal contraceptive method [IUD] during lactation. Eight hundred and forty-one lactating women were divided into seven groups according to the contraceptive method selected. All women were exclusively breast-feeding at admission. They were generally comparable regarding education, parity, weight and height. Fatigue, headache and lower abdominal pain were the main complaints, but the incidence was generally low in all women. Vaginal soreness and discharge were significantly higher in IUD and CVR groups only in the first three months of use. Otherwise, women using hormonal contraceptives did not complain of any vaginal problem. At the end of the first three months, the incidence of excessive bleeding among hormonal contraceptive users [13.6%-27.6%] was high relative to the IUD groups [8.0%-8.7%]. Amenorrhea was initially higher among IUD groups [44.5%-46.1%] relative to hormonal contraceptive groups [30.2%-33%]. However, after the first three months the reverse was observed and amenorrhea was significantly commoner among all hormonal contraceptive users relative to the IUD users