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Redirecting immune cells to the tumor cells and enhancing its anti-tumor immune response is a very promising cancer treatment strategy. AS1411 aptamers have high affinity for malignant tumors with high nucleolin expression, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) aptamers can specifically bind to CTLA-4, which is expressed by T cells. In this study, a dual-affinity aptamer targeted liposome (Dat. Lipo) was constructed based on AS1411 aptamer and CTLA-4 aptamer, and its immunotherapeutic effect on T cells was studied. After the aptamer was modified with cholesterol, Dat. Lipo was prepared by instillation method; its effect of redirecting T cells was determined by confocal micrographs; its T cell immunotherapy effect was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and T cell penetration was evaluated by tumor spheroids. The results showed that compared with liposomes loaded with one type aptamer, Dat. Lipo could effectively promote the redirection of T cells to tumor cells; Dat. Lipo had good biosafety and immunotherapeutic effect on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner; Dat. Lipo could also promote T cells to infiltrate into the tumor spheroids and enhance the immunotherapy effect of T cells in different dimensions. In summary, Dat. Lipo can use the high affinity of aptamers to redirect T cells to tumor cells, enhance the effect of immunotherapy, and has a promising application prospect in tumor therapy. This study was approved by the Examination Committee of Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital.
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Objective@#To understand demand for emergency education among college students and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide the evidence for college to make prevention and controlling measures.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted among college students who were selected by stratified random sampling from 4 colleges in Liaoning Province, and data were analyzed using general descriptive analysis, chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#There were 90.7% of college students who had urgent needs for emergency education. Students who were female(93.9%), seniors(94.4%), learning in medical colleges(97.6%), having mothers with higher education levels(92.6%), and living in urban areas(94.4%) had higher educational needs. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (OR=5.00), school category (OR=3.87), emergency attitude (OR=8.02), active learning behavior (OR=3.91), emergency knowledge self-assessment (OR=6.64) were influencing factors(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The emergency knowledge and preparation of college students were insufficient and emergency education was needed. The government and schools should strengthen their attention and input, develop more effective ways to disseminate emergency knowledge among students so as to improve their response ability.
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Estrogen has many biological activities and extensive clinical applications.Hemorrhagic shock-in-duced major organ dysfunction and injury,which are related to sex differences,play a triggering role in irreversible shock. The present article reviews the role of estrogen in alleviating hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury by analyzing and sum-marizing the recent studies,thus expanding the clinical application of estrogen and providing a novel approach for treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock.
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@#Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGPR)is a receptor expressed mainly on the surface of liver sinusoidal and basolateral cells. It can exclusively identity, combine and clear desialylated glycoproteins with exposed non-reducing D-galactose(Gal)or nacetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)as end groups. Based on this characteristic, ASGPR-mediated targeted liver cancer therapy has drawn extensive attention. The present review details the latest research progress of this field in three aspects, glycosylated prodrug, small molecular nanocarriers, and glycosylated gene complex therapy system.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To formulate a comprehensive treatment program for rheumatoid arthritis arthralgia by clinical observing the efficacy of Xiaoyan Zhitong Paste (XZP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adopted was stratified, block randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel controlled method. Subjects were assigned to the treatment group and the placebo group. Those in the treatment group were treated by external application of XZP, one to two pastes each time, covering the painful area, exchange once per 24 h, with one-day interval during a 7-day consecutive medication, two 7-days of treatment consisting of one therapeutic course. XZP placebos were applied for those in the placebo group in the same medication way. Joint pain and VAS were taken as main indices for observing the clinical efficacy of XZP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The improvement of the analgesic effect and the Chinese medical syndrome efficacy of XZP were superior to that of the placebo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XZP showed obvious effect in treating rheumatoid arthritis arthralgia with no obvious adverse reaction.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arthralgia , Drug Therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Phytotherapy , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Simiao Xiaobi Decoction (SXD) in treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of humid pyretic toxic Bi-Zheng (HPTB) syndrome type.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty RA patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 60 in the treatment group receiving SXD, and 60 in the control group receiving methotrexate, all were treated for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy in patients was evaluated, referring to the criteria recommended by European League Against Rheumatoism (EULAR), in terms of effective rate, main symptoms, signs, scoring on symptom/sign by Chinese medicine scale and DAS28, physical and chemical indices, long-term outcome of patients and the average therapeutic effect initiating time. Meantime, the adverse reaction was recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study was completed in 103 patients, 52 in the treated group and 51 in the control group. According to a per-protocol analysis, the effective rate was better in the treatment group than in the control group with marked difference in terms of Chinese and Western medicine respectively (92.3% vs 70.6% and 86.5% vs 62.7%, P<0.05). Superiorities in the treatment group were also seen in the improvements of main symptoms and signs, symptom/sign scores, DAS28 scores, and long-term outcome. Moreover, the average therapeutic effect initiating time was shorter (5.31 +/- 0.36 weeks vs 8.28 +/- 0.45 weeks), while the incidence of adverse reaction was less in the treatment group than in the control group (6.7% vs 43.3%, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SXD can improve the joint symptoms and general condition of RA patients of HPTB type with shorter initiating time and less adverse reaction.</p>