Mesenteric lymph drainage alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and inflammation

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of mesenteric lymph drainage on the spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in splenic tissue in mice following hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Male C57 mice were randomly divided into the sham shock, shock and shock+drainage groups. The mice in both shock and shock+drainage groups suffered femoral artery bleeding, maintained mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40±2 mmHg for 90 min, and were resuscitated. And mesenteric lymph drainage was performed in the shock+drainage group at the time of resuscitation. After three hours of resuscitation, the splenic tissues were harvested for the histological observation and protein and mRNA expression analysis of cytokines. Results: The spleen in the shock group revealed a significantly structural damage and increased mRNA expressions of MyD88 and TRAF6 and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF and TRAF3 compared to the sham group. By contrast, the splenic pathological injury in the shock+drainage group was alleviated significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF3 and TRAF6 were significantly lower than those in the shock group. Conclusion: These results indicate that post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph drainage alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.

Normal mesenteric lymph ameliorates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced spleen injury

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal mesenteric lymph (NML) from mice on the spleen injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.METHODS: Mice in the LPS and LPS+NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg) and kept for 6 h.. The mice in the LPS+NML group received NML treatment at 1 h after LPS injection. Afterward, the splenic morphology, the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammatory mediators in splenic tissue were investigated.RESULTS:LPS injection induced spleen injury, increased the levels of LBP, CD14, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the IL-4 content in the spleen. By contrast, NML treatment reversed these changes. Meanwhile, the LPS challenge decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were further decreased by the NML administration.CONCLUSION:rRdThe normal mesenteric lymph treatment alleviated lipopolysaccharide induced spleen injury by attenuating LPS sensitization and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.

Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is an important contributor to cardiac dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PSML) is involved in cardiac dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock model (40±2 mmHg, 3h) was established in rats of the shock and shock+drainage groups; and PSML drainage was performed from hypotension 1-3h in the shock+drainage rats. Then, the isolated hearts were obtained from the rats for the examination of cardiac function with Langendorff system. Subsequently, the isolated hearts were obtained from normal rats and perfused with PSML or Krebs-Henseleit solution, and the changes of cardiac function were observed. RESULTS: The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximal rates of LV developed pressure (LVDP) rise and fall (±dP/dt max) in the shock and shock+drainage groups were lower than that of the sham group; otherwise, these indices in the shock+drainage group were higher compared to the shock group. In addition, after isolated hearts obtained from normal rats perfusing with PSML, these cardiac function indices were gradual decline along with the extension of time, such as heart rate, LVSP, ±dP/dt max, etc. CONCLUSION: Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is an important contributor to cardiac dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock. .

The standardized practice of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in order to achieve complete mesocolic excision / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with the outcome being a complete mesocolic excision (CME).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2010 and June 2011, we performed the standardized surgery of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with an aim of CME on 14 patients. There were 10 males and 4 females, with an average age of 57 years (range 36 to 74 years). All the pathologic results in 14 cases were primary colonic adenocarcinoma. The TNM stages were distributed as follows: 2 in II A, 3 in II B, 3 in III A, 5 in III B and 1 in III C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Surgery was successfully performed for all patients without open conversion. The average operation time was (178 ± 37) minutes (range 127 to 221 minutes), average intraoperative blood loss was (67 ± 23) ml (range 30 to 110 ml), while the average number of lymph node harvest was 21 ± 7 (range 14 to 31), and the postoperative hospital stay was (10.0 ± 2.2) days (range 7 to 15 days). Minor complications occured in 2 patients. Major complications and post-operative mortality were not observed. All the patients were followed up for 3 to 19 months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The standardized surgery of laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with the final outcome of CME is safe and feasible.</p>

Upregulation of sFlt-1 by Trophoblasts Induces the Barrier Dysfunction of Glomerular Endothelial Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the effect of over-expression of sFlt-1 by trophoblasts on the barrier function of glomerular endothelial cells and the role of VEGF in this process in order to explore the pathogenesis of glomerular disease in preeclampsia.SFlt-1 expression in the human trophoblasts (TEV-1 cells) was enhanced by transfecting sFlt-1 plasmid DNA into TEV-1 cells.The monolayer barrier function of glomerular endothelial cells (ciGEnCs) was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) that crossed the monolayer of glomerular endothelial cells.The results showed that the over-expression of sFlt-1 by TEV-1 cells led to the barrier dysfunction of ciGEnCs,and the exogenous VEGF could alleviate the ciGEnCs dysfunction resulting from the over-expression of sFlt-1 to a certain extent.It was concluded that the dysregulation of sFlt-1 and VEGF in preeclamptic pregnancy may contribute to the barrier dysfunction of glomerular endothelial cells,and VEGF may play an important role in maintaining the barrier function of glomerular endothelial cells,but it may not be the sole factor.

Effects of Maternal Serum on Permeability of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Membrane / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The mechanism of injury on the human glomerular endothelial cells (ciGENC) induced by preeclampsia serum was investigated.Concentration of maternal serum sFlt-1 protein was detected by ELISA.Fluorescently-labeled bovine serum albumin infiltrating through lower chamber of Transwell was measured by multifunction microplate reader.Morphologic change of ciGENC was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope.The concentration of sflt-1 in preeclampsia groups was significantly increased as compared with control group (P＜0.01).Permeability in preeclampsia groups was significantly increased as compared with control group (P＜0.01).By contrast with severe preeclampsia group,the permeability of ciGENC monolayer in mild preeclampsia group was decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Intervention of exogenous VEGF significantly decreased permeability of ciGENC in preeclampsia groups.It was concluded that sFlt-1 increased ciGENC permeability by damaging integrity of endothelial barrier function.

Infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells prolongs the survival of dogs receiving living donor liver transplantation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in prolonging the survival of dogs receiving living donor liver transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Canine models of allogenic living donor liver transplantation was established in 14 beagle dogs by non-venous by-pass method, and in 7 of the recipients, autologous MSCs labeled by BrdU was infused into the portal vein, with the other 7 dogs as the control. The survival time of the two groups of the dogs was observed after the operation. The liver function (AST and ALT levels), liver pathologies and the differentiation of the transplanted cells were also evaluated postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the dogs receiving MSC transplantation showed significantly increased median survival time (P<0.001) with lowered levels of AST and ALT (P<0.01). The two groups exhibited similar graft rejection after the operation. In dogs with MSC transplantation, the BrdU-labeled MSCs differentiated into liver-like cells in the liver and secreted albumin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Autologous MSCs infusion through the portal vein during allogenic living donor liver transplantation can prolong the survival of the recipient dogs. The stem cells transplanted can differentiate into mature liver-like cells and secrete albumin in the hepatic tissue.</p>

Risk factors for esophageal cancer: a case-control study in South-western China.

Esophageal cancer is a crucial cancer in China. Yanting in Sichuan Province was a key area with highest esophageal cancer mortality in China, but little evidence on esophageal cancer risk factors has been reported for this area and the etiology remains unclear. To clarify risk factors, a 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Totals of 185 eligible esophageal cancer patients and 185 healthy residents matched for sex and age were recruited. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for possible risk/protective factors. All ORs were adjusted by family history of esophageal cancer and occupation, and then further adjusted by other possible confounding factors. Our results showed that smoking and alcohol drinking were risk factors for esophageal cancer with dose-response. The ORs (95% CI) compared with never smokers and drinkers were 4.06 (1.55-10.6) and 2.49 (1.06-5.85), respectively. The OR was further increased to 8.86 (95% CI, 3.82-20.5) for both smoking and drinking in combination. Eating food rapidly (OR=5.84, 95% CI, 2.05-16.7), drinking shallow ground water (OR=4.18, 95% CI, 1.30-13.4) and frequent intake of picked vegetables (OR=2.12, 95% CI, 1.00-4.49) appeared to increase the risk, while frequent intake of fresh fruit (OR=0.42, 95% CI, 0.19-0.89), fresh vegetables (OR= 0.62, 95% CI, 0.32-1.17) and eggs (OR=0.59, 95% CI, 0.25-1.39) decreased the risk. In conclusion, smoking and alcohol drinking are common in Yanting and main contributors to esophageal cancer. Consumption of fresh fruit and eggs are not common and high consumption of these two foods as well as fresh vegetables may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer in this area. In addition, drinking shallow ground water and eating food rapidly, as well as frequent intake of pickled vegetables, are also factors increasing the risk.