Genotype-environment interaction on arterial stiffness: A pedigree-based study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects.@*METHODS@#Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.

The role of the high-level public health school in the development of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention / 中华流行病学杂志

The Ministry of Education and other four departments jointly issued the Notice on the Construction of high-level schools of public Health, proposing that "it will take ten years to build a number of high-level schools of public health, and form a high-quality education development system to adapt to the construction of modern public health system". At present, the construction of high-level public health schools in various universities in China is in full swing. The high-level School of Public Health and the CDC have played an important role in constructing the national public health system and the human health community. The high-level public health schools are of strategic significance and important value to the development of the CDC. The review presents reflections and insights on the role of high-level public health schools in the development of the CDC and the challenges they might face.

Analysis of risk factors associated with hemorrhage after unilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors of hidden blood loss after UKA.Methods A retrospec-tive study was conducted on 273 patients who underwent UKA from January 2015 to December 2016,including 79 males and 194 females,age between 46 to 87 years old,mean age(67.21± 8.23)years old. The clinical data were collected and the blood volume was calculated according to the Nadler formula. The Gross equation was used to calculate the blood loss and the amount of occult blood loss at 3 days after operation. The risk factors were analyzed statistically. Results The volume of hidden blood loss after operation was(75.36 ± 10.21)mL,and the volume of total blood lost after operation was(187.35± 60.31)mL.Sex,BMI and type of prosthesis were risk factors for hidden blood loss after UKA. Conclusions The volume of hidden blood loss after UKA was related to sex, BMI,and type of prosthesis. For the obese and male patients,we should actively take bleeding management and choose the type of prosthesis reasonably.

Dermal hypoesthesia surrounding the incision after total knee arthroplasty: how to treat? / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Dermal hypoesthesia surrounding the incision usually occurs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which severely affects the patients' life quality. But the relevant studies are still immature, and its prevention methods and prognosis remain controversial.OBJECTIVE: To review the research and progress of dermal hypoesthesia following TKA.METHODS: A computer-based online research of CJFD, WanFang, VIP and Medline databases was performed for the literature addressing the dermal hypoesthesia surrounding the incision after TKA published from December 2001 to December 2016. The keywords were "total knee arthroplasty, incision, numbness, abnormal sensation" in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 36 eligible articles were selected for result analysis after excluding the repetitive ones.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Dermal hypoesthesia surrounding the incision following TKA is commonly seen, but the related researches are few. Most of researches concentration on protecting against cutaneous nerve injury by modifying surgical approach, nerve conduit, neural nutrients and surgical repair, but all possess certain shortcomings, so there is a lack ideal prevention scheme. (2) The repairing methods for peripheral nerve injury, including biomolecular, cell and catheter therapies, have been applied in the repair of cutaneous nerve injury following TKA, but still on initial stage,and its effectiveness and safety need to be confirmed in depth. (3) Therefore, whether dermal hypoesthesia surrounding the incision following TKA needs treatment or not, and how to treat is an urgent problem for joint surgeon.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibits Ca2+-ATPase1 expression induced by UVB irradiation in human lens epithelial cells / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the expressions of plasma membrane calcium ATPasel (PMCA1) of human lens epithelial cell B-3 (HLEB-3) at both mRNA and protein levels in the presence and absence of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation.Methods HLEB-3 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium,and the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of ZnO (0 μg · mL-1,2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1) on HLEB-3 was investigated in the presence and absence of UVB irradiation.DAPI staining was used to monitor the effect of ZnO on HLECB-3 nuclei,and cell apoptosis was evaluated using annexin V-FITC/PI staining in the presence and absence of UVB irradiation.In addition,the intracellular calcium ion (Ca2 +)levels were assayed using Fluo-3/AM staining,and the expression levels of both PMCA1 mRNA and protein within HLEB-3 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results DAPI staining showed that the ZnO-treated HLEB-3 displayed a concentration-dependent apoptosis,and UVB irradiation could further aggravate the cytotoxic effect of ZnO on HLEB-3.In addition,in the presence of UVB irradiation,concentration gradient of ZnO (2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0 μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1) increased the intracellular calcium ion levels [from (156.34 ±4.59) nmol · L-1 to (173.88 ±7.17)umol · L-1,(289.02 ± 9.09) nmol · L-1,(488.36 ± 48.16) nmol · L 1,respectively] and upregulated HLEB-3 apoptosis,with statistical difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the expression level of PMCA1 in the 2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0 μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1 ZnO-treated epithelial cells was accordingly 0.75,0.57 and 0.41 as much as that in the 0μg · mL-1 ZnO-treated cells in the absence of UVB irradiation (all P ＜ 0.05),and was accordingly 0.64,0.24 and 0.09 in the present of UVB irradiation,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both ZnO nanoparticle and UVB irradiation can exert cosuppression effect on HLEB-3 via calcium-mediated signaling pathway,indicating it has great potential for the treatment of posterior capsular opacification with UVB irradiation.

Autologous blood transfusion drainage compared with no drainage in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis and systematic review

This is the first meta-analysis to assess the clinical efficiency, safety and potential advantages regarding the use of ABT drains compared with no drainage which is controversial in total knee arthroplasty [TKA].A comprehensive literature search was carried out in March 2015 using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. A meta-analysis was carried out on two retrospective comparative studies [RCSs] and five randomized controlled trials [RCTs]. The number of patients receiving homologous blood transfusion was the primary outcome of the meta-analysis; the secondary outcome measure was the mean drop in Hb level in comparison to the mean pre-operative HB level, the range of flexion of the knee joint, and infections of the wound after surgery. A total of 868 patients, who were included in two retrospective studies and five RCTs, were distributed into subgroups for the meta-analysis. This pooled data showed no benefit of ABT drainage compared no drainage in the homologous blood transfusion rate [13.05% and 16.91%, OR:0.73[0.47,1.13], Z=1.41, P=0.016;and 3.49% and 6.54%, OR: 0.50[0.12,2.01], Z=0.98,P=0.033,respectively in subgroups], Hb drop [Weight mean differences [WMD]: 0.20[-0.28,0.68], Z=0.82,P=0.41;WMD:0.16[-0.41,0.55], Z=0.93, P=0.35, respectively], range of flexion of the knee joint [WMDr-0.82 [-3.35,1.70], Z =0.64,P=0.52]and wound infection [OR:0.25[0.61,10.20]; Z =1.28, p=0.2] after TKA surgery. Our findings do not recommend the routine use of postoperative ABT drainage in total knee arthroplasty. Well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes, longer term measures and extensive follow-up period should be performed in the future to update the findings of this study

Is autologous blood transfusion drainage necessary after total knee arthroplasty：a meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty is a procedure for treatment of knee osteoarthritisa with standardized, mature technology and affirmative efficacy. Total knee arthroplasty can result in overt excessive bleeding, decreased hemoglobin levels, patient mouth infection and other complications. As a new technology, autologous blood transfusion device can effectively reduce the rate of blood transfusion through reinfusing the unwashed and filterable drainage blood after operation. Up to now, no systematic reviews incorporating meta-analyses have found directly sufficient evidence to compare autologous blood transfusion drainage and no drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical efficacy, safety and potential advantages of the application of autologous blood transfusion device/no drainage based on the meta-analysis. METHODS:PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, China HowNet, VIP, Wanfang database were searched comprehensively by computer. The search strategies were developed by the way of MeSH terms combining with free words: “total knee replacement” OR “total knee arthroplasty” OR “total knee prosthesis” OR “unicompartmental” OR “unicondylar” OR “unicompartmenta” OR “arthroplasty, replacement, knee” [MeSH terms] AND “autologous blood transfusion” OR “Autotransfusion” OR “blood transfusion, autologous” [MeSH Terms] OR “Intraoperative Blood Salvage” OR “Intraoperative Blood” OR “Postoperative Blood Salvage” OR “Intraoperative Blood Cel Salvage” OR “Operative Blood Salvage” [MeSH Terms]. Data included in the final literature were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.5 software recommended by Cochrane. The main outcome measure was the rate of transfusion. The secondary outcome measures were the average change in hemoglobin, hemoglobin levels at the 3rd day, hospitalization time and intraoperative mouth infection rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Five randomized controlled trials, a total of 667 patients were enroled. Meta-analysis results showed that there were no significant differences in the transfusion rate (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.47-1.13;Z=1.41,P=0.16), average change in hemoglobin (WMD=0.20, 95%CI:-0.28-0.68;Z=0.82,P=0.41), the hemoglobin levels at the 3rdday (WMD=0.41, 95%CI:-0.26-1.09;Z=1.20,P=0.23), hospitalization time (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.06-16.27;Z= 0.01,P=1.00), intraoperative mouth infection rate (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.06-16.27;Z=0.01,P=1.00) between the postoperative use of autologous blood transfusion and no drainage. These results suggest that the meta-analysis of outcome measures has not provided the evidence-based medical support for the clinical efficacy of autologous blood transfusion device (including blood transfusion rate, the average change in hemoglobin, average hemoglobin change at the 3rd day, hospitalization time). Given the inherent limitations of the quality of the included studies and the publication bias, future high-quality, large-volume, multi-center randomized controled trials are awaited to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.

Efficacy and safety of Qiaoshao Formula () on patients with lifelong premature ejaculation of Gan (Liver) depression and Shen (Kidney) deficiency syndrome: A randomized controlled trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effificacy and safety of Qiaoshao Formula (, QSF) on patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) of Gan (Liver) depression and Shen (Kidney) defificiency syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 60 LPE patients were randomly divided into treatment (QSF) and control (dapoxetine) groups. The treatment group received QSF twice a day and the control group received dapoxetine 1 to 2 h prior to planned sexual intercourse for 4 weeks. The outcomes included intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), clinical global impression of change (CGIC), scores of Chinese medicine symptoms (CMSS), sex life satisfaction (SLS) and adverse events (AEs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treated group, the median IELT was 3 min vs. 1.5 min before and after treatment (P<0.05). PEDT in the treated group was reduced to 11.76±1.68 from 15.83±2.30 after treatment (P<0.05). Besides, patient's SLS was improved from 1.30±0.05 to 6.30±0.04 (P<0.05), and spouse's SLS was increased from 1.30±0.to 6.10±0.06 (P<0.05); CMSS was decrease from 14.86±3.02 to 9.62±2.87 (P<0.05). In addition, no significant AE was observed in both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QSF may be effective and safe on LPE patients with Gan depression and Shen defificiency syndrome.</p>

Comparison between autologous blood transfusion drainage and closed-suction drainage/no drainage in total knee arthroplasty: a Meta-analysis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To assess the clinical efficiency , safety and potential advantages of autologous blood transfusion (ABT) drains compared with the closed-suction/no drainage. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, CNKI, VIP and WANGFANG were searched comprehensively. The statistical anal-ysis was conducted by using the Cochrane Collaboration review Manager 5.3.5. Results The pooled data of seventeen RCTs including a total of 1 993 patients showed that the patients in the ABT drainage group might benefit from the low rate of blood transfusion [ 16 . 59% and 37 . 47%, OR: 0 . 28 ( 0 . 14 ~ 0 . 55 ); 13 . 05% and 16.91%, OR: 0.73 (0.47 ~ 1.13), respectively]. The ABT drainage and the closed-suction drainage/no drainage have the similar clinical efficiency and safety length of hospital stay and wound infection on days 3 post-operative haemoglobin. Conclusion This systematic review provides the evidence that the ABT drainage offers a safe and efficient alternative to CS/no drainage with the lowered blood transfusion rate.

Effect of Longbie Capsule on proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Longbie Capsule has satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but its mechanism is stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Longbie Capsule on proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from SD rats were separated and expanded by whole adherence culture, then subcultured and confirmed by morphological observation and flow cytometry. Passage 4 cel s were cultured in complete media containing 5 g/L, 1 g/L, 250 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 10 mg/L Longbie Capsule, respectively, for 24 hours. Then, MTT assay was used to detect cel viability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The primary cel s were adherent cel s characterized by irregular shape, passage 2 cel s were typical y fibrous-shaped, passage 3 cel s grew in long fibrous and swirl-type shape. Passage 4 cel s were strongly positive for CD29 and CD90, positive for CD44, and negative for CD34 and CD45. 5 g/L and 1 g/L Longbie Capsule promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. These findings indicate that Longbie Capsule may promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, thereby playing a therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis.

Regulation of single herb pilose antler on the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 in the cartilage of OA rats: an experimental research / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of single herb pilose antler (PA) on the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 in the cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred 3-month old female healthy SD rats, (200 +/- 20) g, were recruited and routinely fed for 1 week. They were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the low dose PA group, the high dose PA group, the normal saline control group, the model group, and the normal control group, 20 in each group. The model was prepared using classic Hulth method except the normal control group. After 6-week modeling, the model was confirmed successful by pathologic observation. PA at 0.021 g/100 g and 0.084 g/1 00 g was given by gastrogavage to rats in the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group respectively. Normal saline was administered to those in the normal saline control group. No treatment was given to rats in the normal control group and the model group. Bilateral knee cartilages were harvested at week 2,4, and 6. mRNA and protein expressions of Smad2 and Smad3 were detected by immunohistochemical assay, fluorescent quantitative PCR, and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OA model was successfully prepared by pathological observation. Results of immunohistochemical assay showed that Smad2 and Smad3 expressed extensively in the cartilage, and located inside the chondrocyte membrane. Compared with the model group, mRNA expression of Smad2 and Smad3 obviously increased in the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group at week 2, 4, and 6, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the same group at week 4 after gastrogavage, mRNA expression of Smad2 and Smad3 obviously decreased in the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group at week 6, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, protein expression of Smad2 and Smad3 obviously increased in the chondrocytes of the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group at week 2 and 4, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the same group at week 2 after gastrogavage, protein expression of Smad2 and Smad3 obviously increased in the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group at week 4, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the same group at week 4 after gastrogavage, protein expression of Smad2 and Smad3 obviously decreased in the low dose PA group and the high dose PA group at week 6, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) The pilose antler could repair cartilages by regulating mRNA and protein expressions of Smad2 and Smad3. (2) Up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of Smad2 and Smad3 might be one of important mechanisms for the pathogenesis of OA.</p>

Investigation of etiology of massive infection with porcine pseudorabies virus in Henan and neighboring Provinces / 病毒学报

In early 2011, the serious outbreak of porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection suddenly recurred in Henan and neighboring Provinces. To investigate the etiology of massive infection with PRV, 16 800 serum samples, 905 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) back-feeding tissues, and 56 PR gene deleted live vaccines were colleted from January 2011 to May 2013 to detect PRV field infection using a PRV gE antibody test kit. The gE and TK genes of 11 new epidemic PRV strains were sequenced by PCR, and their molecular characteristics were analyzed. Moreover, virus titer determination, protective test against PRV, and vaccine potency testing were performed. The results showed that the detection rate of PRV field infection-positive pig farms was 68.06%, and the overall positive rate of PRV field infection in serum was 38.47%; the positive rates in breeding sows, breeding boars, reserve pigs, and commercial pigs were 40.12%, 30.88%, 54.67%, and 26.52%, respectively. The new epidemic strains were in the same evolutionary branch and belonged to the virulent strain group. Compared with the classical PRV strain, the virulence of new epidemic strains changed a little. The length of gE gene was 1 787 bp, and the length of TK gene was 963 bp. The nucleotide homologies of gE and TK genes to Chinese reference strains were 98.2%-99.8% and 98.90%-99.6%, respectively, and the amino acid homologies were 97.1%-99.8% and 97.5%-99.4%, respectively. Commercial vaccine had a 100% protective effect against the new epidemic strains. The positive rate of PRV field infection was 0% in vaccine and 40.44% in back-feeding tissues. The results confirmed that PRV field infection rates were rising sharply among pigs in Henan and neighboring Provinces after 2011. The main virulence genes of new epidemic PRV strains did not change significantly over the years. PR gene deleted live vaccines had no PRV field infection and could completely resist the attack of new strains. The virus carriage of breeding boars and reserve pigs and the serious PRV field infection in PEDV back-feeding tissues were the main causative factors for massive infection with PRV and epidemic outbreak in Henan and neighboring Provinces from 2011 to 2013.

Study on functions and mechanism of curcumin in inducing colorectal carcinoma cells LoVo apoptosis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the biological function and regulation mechanism of curcumin in promoting human colorectal carcinoma (LoVo) cells apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Conventional in vitro culture in human colorectal carcinoma cells LoVo, When 80%-90% confluence was reached, cells were treated with curcumin at different concentrations (0-20 mg x L(-1)). Curcumin's effect on cell proliferation level was examined by MTT colorimetry. The ultrastructure of curcumin-treated LoVo cells were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The amount of PI-positive LoVo cells after the curcumin treatment were determined by flow cytometry. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The mRNA level of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Bcl-xL were tested by means of RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MTT test indicates curcumin could inhibite the growth and proliferation of LoVo cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. TEM examination showed that curcumin can make LoVo cell morphological changes, showing the typical characteristics of apoptotic cells. Flow cytometry instrument analysis showed that curcumin can arrest cell cycle at S phase, and induce apoptosis of LoVo cells. RT-PCR test showed that curcumin can activate the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at the mRNA level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Curcumin can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma cells LoVo. Such biological effect may be associated with activating Caspase-3 signal channel by activating Bax expression and inhibiting Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. This study lays an important foundation for further discussing the mechanism of curcumin in inducing human colorectal carcinoma LoVo apoptosis.</p>

Antitumor effects of curcumin and oxaliplatin combination on xenografts of human colon cancer LoVo cells in nude mice / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effects of curcumin combined with oxaliplatin on the human colon cancer cells LoVo xenografted tumor in nude mice and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Nude mice were implanted with human colon cancer LoVo cells. All tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into four groups and treated with vehicle, 50 mg/kg curcumin, 25 mg/kg oxaliplatin, and their combination (50 mg/kg curcumin + 25 mg/kg oxaliplatin) by ip injection once every other day individually. After continuous administration of drug treatment for 11 times, the weights of nude mice were recorded, the stripping tumor weight was monitored, and the tumor volume and tumor inhibitory rates were calculated. The enucleation of eyeball for taking blood and blood routine examination were carried out and the function of liver and kidney was detected. Tumor cell cycle and apoptosis rate were assayed by flow cytometry. The pathological morphology of tumor was analyzed by HE staining. The apoptosis related gene expression was detected by RT-PCR. Results: Tumor inhibitory rates of curcumin, oxaliplatin, and curcumin + oxaliplatin groups were 59.47%, 55.49%, and 70.56%, respectively. Curcumin combination with oxaliplatin did not influence the blood system, liver, and kidneys in nude mice. Combination of curcumin and oxaliplatin could effectively inhibit the tumor growth (P < 0.05), interfere with cell cycle arresting at S and G2/M phases (P < 0.05, 0.01), and promote the expression of bax (P < 0.01) in tumor-bearing nude mice. Conclusion: Combination of curcumin and oxaliplatin could synergistically inhibit the growth of LoVo colonic xenografts in nude mice.

Erythrocyte protective effects of ginaton in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the erythrocyte protective effects of Ginaton, a ginkgo biloba extract, in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients, who suffered from rheumatic heart disease of ASA grade II-III and scheduled for mitral valve replacement with intravenous anesthesia, were randomly assigned to two groups equally, the Ginaton group and the control group. They were administered with Ginaton 1 mg/kg and saline respectively via intravenous dripping before open heart surgery before beginning CPB. Blood samples were taken from radial artery at different time points, i.e., before CPB (T1), nasopharyngeal temperature (30-31 degrees C) stabilized stage (T2), nasopharyngeal temperature restoration (36 degrees C) stage (T3), 30 min after CPB (T4) and 3 h after CPB (T5), for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in plasma and erythrocyte (P-MDA, E-MDA, P-SOD and E-SOD), as well as the Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activities in erythrocytes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with those at T1, in the control group, P-MDA, E-MDA, and E-SOD at T2-T5 and E-SOD at T2 were higher, but E-SOD at T3-T5 were lower (P < 0.01); while in the Ginaton group P-MDA, E-MDA, and E-SOD at T3-T4 were higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). As compared with those in the control group, the levels of P-MDA and E-MDA at T2-T5 were significantly lower, and E-SOD at T3-T5 were higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca+ -Mg2+ -ATPase significantly increased at T2 and gradually decreased after then in both groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but those at T2-T5 were significantly higher in Ginaton group than in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginaton displays an erythrocyte protecting effect by way of alleviating the lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes' membrane.</p>

Hospital Infection Management in 32 Grass-roots Hospitals:Problems and Countermeasures / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the hospital infection in 32 hospitals throughout the county,in order to reduce hospital infection. METHODS According to new Hospital infection administration regulations and medical service hospital infection control quality evaluation requirements,we had investigated and analyzed and guidanced to improve the hospital infection management in 32 hospitals of the county for a two-years. RESULTS The monitoring,surveillance and management of hospital infection in grass-roots hospitals as a quality evaluation index of hospital medical service still had many problems,After two years,it had been more improved the quality in the field of administration management,sterilization and disinfection,surveillance and sevage treatment. CONCLUSIONS According to Hospital infection administration regultions it is important to strengthen the hospital infection management for guaranteeing the grass-roots hospital medical service quality and medical care safety.

Brain protective effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract (ginaton) in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the brain protective effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (Ginaton) in patients who underwent hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with rheumatic heart disease of ASA grade II-III, who were scheduled for mitral valve replacement with intravenous anaesthesia, were randomly assigned to two groups, the Ginaton group (30 patients) treated with Ginaton 1 mg/kg by intravenous dripping before open heart for CPB, and the control group (30 patients) with normal saline instead. Blood was synchronously collected from arteriae radialis and vena jugularis interna at 5 time points, namely, before CPB (T1), nasopharyngeal temperature (lowered to 30-31 degrees C) stabilized stage (T2), nasopharyngeal temperature restoration (36 degrees C) stage (T3), 30 min after CPB (T4) and 3 after CPB (Ts) for determining blood gas, lactate acid concentration, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content. And the oxygen content in artery (CaO2) and jugular vein (CjvO2), the difference of oxygen contents in arterial and jugular vein (Ca-jvO2), the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (ERO2) as well as the arteriojugular lactate difference (ADVL) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the beginning of CPB, as compared with those in the control group, in the Ginaton group, the reduction of Ca-jvO2 and ERO2 was significantly higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and the increase of lactate acid, ADVL and MDA were significantly lower, and with a remarkably higher SOD activity (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginaton could improve cerebral oxygen supply, promote SOD activity to inhibit production of free radicals in patients undergoing CPB, and thus shows an evident protective effect in the brain.</p>

Observation on short-term therapeutic effect of zhenggan recipe in treating liver cirrhosis with alpha-feto-protein / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of Zhenggan Recipe (ZGR) in treating liver cirrhosis with abnormal Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and to explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients of liver cirrhosis with abnormal AFP were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group. All the patients received conventional combined Western medicinal treatment. Besides, additional ZGR was given to the patients in the treated group, one dose every day for orally taken in two times, 6 months as a therapeutic course. Changes in liver function (ALT, GGT, TBIL and ALB), AFP, T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD4/CD8) and iconological examination were observed in the two groups before and after treatment to compared the efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ZGR could effectively lower the AFP level (P < 0.01), and improve the levels of CD4 and CD4/CD8 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ZGR can effectively lower the level of AFP, its mechanism might be related to the improving of cellular immune function of the patients.</p>

Experimental study on differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma cells induced by zhengganfang drug serum in vitro / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Zhengganfang (ZGF) drug serum in inducing differentiation of Bel-7402 human hepatocarcinoma cell (HHC) and its influence of the telomerase activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were fed with ZGF decoction to prepare the drug-serum of ZGF, and the drug-serum was used for Bel-7402 HHC culture. Serum of normal rat, was taken as negative control and retinoic acid (RA) as the positive control. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT colorimetric assay, nucleocytoplasm ratio by image assay, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by RIA, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) by dynamic colorimetric assay and telomerase activity of Bel-7402 cell by PCR-ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Drug-serum of ZGF could inhibit the proliferation of Bel-7402 cell, markedly reduce the nucleocytoplasm ratio and the secretion of AFP, decrease gamma-GT activity, increase ALP activity and suppress the telomerase activity of Bel-7402 cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ZGF can induce the differentiation of Bel-7402 HHC, the main mechanism maybe through the suppression of telomerase activity.</p>

Clinical and chest X-ray characteristics of 5 cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome in children in Shenzhen area / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical and chest X-ray features of SARS in children to facilitate correct diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings in five children suffering from SARS admitted for treatment in the hospital between February and May, 2003 in Shenzhen area were analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed by epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations. Among the 5 cases, 1 was a boy and the others were girls at the age of 4 to 13 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 5 SARS children, 3 presented a history of close contact with SARS patients. Fever was the initiative symptom, 4 had a body temperature of over 38 degrees C with the highest being 40 degrees C; fever sustained from 4 to 7 days with an average of 5.6 days. All the 5 cases developed nonproductive cough; on auscultation, both moist and dry rales could be heard in 3 out of the 5 cases. Mean total white count of peripheral blood was (2.96 - 6.9) x 10(9)/L, and was < 5.0 x 10(9)/L in 4 cases. SARS associated coronavirus specific RNA fragment was found positive by RT-PCR in 1 case; 1 case was positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies to the virus; 1 case was positive for only IgM antibody and another 2 cases were positive for only IgG antibody. IgG and IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae as well as blood culture for bacteria were all negative. Findings on chest X-ray examination: 4 cases showed presence of patchy or macular opacities with cord-like shadows in unilateral lung plates while 1 case each showed ground-glass-like opacity and migratory changes; 1 case showed interstitial changes in the lungs in the form of irregular reticular lattice and cord-like shadows. Two cases received CT scanning and macular-patchy or spotty shadows were seen all over the lung. The shortest time for absorption of foci in the lungs was 7 days while the longest was 33 days with a mean of 15 +/- 6 days. None of the cases had any signs of fibrosis in the lungs. All the 5 cases were completely cured and discharged 7 to 40 days (mean 18 +/- 11 days) after admission.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with adult cases with SARS, children with SARS had milder symptoms and signs. Presence of unilateral patchy shadow in lungs represented the main chest X-ray findings.</p>