Chronic Disease Control among Rural Residents in Beijing Pinggu District / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the composition and control status of chronic diseases among rural residents in a Beijing suburb district.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rural residents aged 35 years or older were investigated by stratified random sampling in Pinggu District, Beijing. Each participant received questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,and laboratory tests including routine blood test,urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), liver and renal function,serum lipid, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 10 385 residents completed all items. Cerebrovascular disease was leading cause of hospitalization (accounting for 14.4%) and its incidence in the population was 9.6%. The incidences of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and gout/hyperuricemia,which were the main compositions related with metabolic diseases,were up to 64.4%,42.5%,24.4%, and 9.0%, respectively. The disease onset was significantly related with the age. The incidence of hypertension was gradually elevated with the increasing of age,while the peak age was 55-64 years for diabetes and 35-44 years for gout/hyperuricemia. The awareness rate of hypertension,diabetes,and chronic kidney disease was 60.2%, 55.1%,and 6.0%,respectively. The control rate of chronic disease was 19.2% and 28.8% in hypertensive and diabetic patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic-associated diseases are the main chronic diseases affecting rural residents in Pinggu district, Beijing. The awareness rate and control rate of chronic diseases needs to be further enhanced by strengthening health education and improving the community medical service.</p>

Saponins from roots of Securidaca inappendiculata with cytotoxic activities / 中国中药杂志

Seven acylated triterpene saponins were isolated from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata by means of various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, MPLC, preparative HPLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified as securioside A(1), securioside B(2), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4-O-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3) ] -4-O-[(E/Z)-3, 4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(3/4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4-O-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(5), polygalasa- ponin XLV(6), and polygalasaponin XLVI (7) on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and physicochemical properties. Among them, compounds 5-7 were isolated from the plants in genus Securidaca for the first time and compounds 3, 3/4 were isolated from the species for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay showed that compounds 2, 3/4, 5 have moderate cytotoxic activities against Lewis lung carcinoma LLC cells with IC50 values of 41.10, 38.17, and 48.92 µmol · L(-1), respectively; compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 47.93 µmol · L(-1).

Impaired effect of BHC80 gene knock-down on the cardiac development in zebrafish / 生理学报

The effect of BHC80 (a component of BRAF-HDAC complex) on development was not well studied, because BHC80 gene knock-out mice died in one day after birth. Interestingly, zebrafish embryos can live, even if their important organs like cardiac system has severe dysfunction, as 25%-40% O2 are supplied through their skin. Therefore, a model of BHC80 gene knock-down zebrafish embryos was established to explore the effect of BHC80 on the early embryonic development. BHC80-morpholino antisense oligonucleotides 2 (BHC80-MO2) was designed and injected into zebrafish embryos to interrupt the correct translation of BHC80 mRNA at one or two cells stage, which was proved by RT-PCR analysis. Two control groups, including non-injection group and control-MO (con-MO) injection group, and four different doses of BHC80-MO2 injection groups, including 4 ng, 6 ng, 8 ng and 10 ng per embryo were set up. The embryonic heart phenotype and cardiac function were monitored, analyzed and compared between con-MO and BHC80-MO2 groups by fluorescence microscope in vmhc:gfp transgenic zebrafish which express green fluorescent protein in ventricle. The results showed that BHC80-MO2 microinjection effectively knocked down the BHC80 gene expression, because the BHC80-MO2 group emerged a new 249 bp band which reduced 51 bp compared to 300 bp band of con-MO group in RT-PCR analysis, and the 51 bp was the extron 10. The abnormal embryo rate rose with the increase of BHC80-MO2 dosage. The proper BHC80-MO2 injection dosage was 8 ng per embryo, as minor embryos had abnormal phenotype in 4 ng and 6 ng per embryo groups and most embryos died in 10 ng per embryo group. BHC80-MO2 embryos exhibited abnormal cardiac phenotype, including imbalance of the proportion of heart ventricle to atrium, incomplete D-loop, even tubular heart, slow heart rates and cardiac dysfunction. The results from a model of BHC80 gene knock-down zebrafish embryos show that the abnormal cardiac phenotype and cardiac dysfunction of BHC80-MO2 embryos may be one of the probable reasons for the BHC80 gene knock-out mice death, which would provide a good research model to clarify the mechanism of cardiac development.

HLA gene polymorphism and forensic medicine / 法医学杂志

The gene complex of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is located of chromosome 6p21, which is the most complicated dominant polymorphic genetic system. The HLA system has 108 genotypes. It is the best human genetic marker. It has been applied to forensic paternity test and individual identification. This article discusses the research development of HLA polymorphism and its application in forensic medicine.