Relationship between anogenital distance and cryptorchidism in human newborns / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.</p>

Effect of long-term power frequency electromagnetic field exposure on proliferation and apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of long-term power frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) exposure on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04 cells).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SRA01/04 cells in the exponential growth phase were exposed or sham-exposed to power frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz, 2.3 mT) for 2 hours per day, 5 days every week. After 11 weeks of exposure, the cells were collected; the cell morphology was observed under a microscope, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry, and the protein expression levels of cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were determined by western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-exposed SRA01/04 cells, most exposed cells became rounded and more stereoscopic, and heterochromatin gathered near the nuclear membrane in some exposed cells. The MTT assay showed that the viability of exposed cells was significantly increased compared with that of the sham-exposed cells (P < 0.05). Long-term power frequency electromagnetic field exposure led to significantly increased number of cells in S phase (P < 0.05), and the proliferation index was significantly higher in the exposed cells than in the sham-exposed cells (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate between the exposed cells and sham-exposed cells (P > 0.05). The exposed cells had significantly higher protein expression levels of cyclin D and PCNA than the sham-exposed cells (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term power frequency electromagnetic field exposure can promote cellular proliferation and change cell cycle in SRA01/04 cells, but it has no marked effect on the apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells.</p>

Experimental Study of Cerebral White Matter Damage in Premature Rats Induced by Lipopolysaccharide / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of cerebral white matter damage in premature rats induced by intrauterine infection.Methods30 mature pregnant Wistar-Imamichi rats were divided into the experimental group (n=18) and control group (n=12). The rats of the experimental group were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0.2 mg/kg in abdomen on 15th and 16th day after gestation. Those of the control group were injected with distilled water in equal volume. 45 premature rats born in the experimental group and 45 full-term rats born in the control group were tested with RIA for interleukin-6 (IL-6). The brain tissues of another 47 premature rats and 41 full-term rats were stained with HE method. Finally water content in brain tissue were tested in 50 premature rats and 50 full-term rats.ResultsIL-6 concentration of brain tissue of the premature rats in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01); and water content of the premature rats' brain was also higher than that of the full-term rats ( P<0.01). The edema of periventricular white matter, loose neuropil, decreased cell numbers, broaden intercellular space, and cell swelling and rupture were found in the brain tissue of the premature rats, no abnormal form and structure were found in the control group.ConclusionWhite matter damage of premature rats can be caused by endotoxin, and accompanied by IL-6 and water contents increasing.

Nonoperative Management of Liver Injury in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the feasibility and indication of liver injury in children treated nonoperatively.Methods Ninteen(cases) with liver injury who underwent nonoperative management(NOM) were analyzed retrospectively.Patients with obvious trauma were reviewed.The main cause of trauma was due to traffic accident.Eleven cases(57.9%) had subcapsular hematoma and 8 cases(42.1%)had intrapararenchymatous hematoma.The treatment procedure included blood transfusion,hemostasis and monitoring the hemodynamic parameters.Results Seventeen cases(89.5%)were cured nonoperatively;2 cases underwent the operation later.Followed up for 10-24 months,patients were well recovered.Conclusions Most of cases with liver injury in children can be cured by NOM due to the physicalogical and anatomic features of children.During treatment,it is very important for the doctors to observe the vital signs closely,and(mana)-ge the combined injuries effectively and take regular imaging measurement.