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Objective: To assess the taste function of healthy Chinese adults with the reliable whole-mouth taste test, and to analyze the correlation of taste function with age and gender. Methods: The clinical data of 584 participants reporting the normal sense of smell and taste from March 2019 to January 2020 in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were analyzed in the study, including 297 males and 287 females, aging (46.9±16.6) years. The subjects were divided into youth group (19-35 years old), middle aged group (36-50 years old), middle-elderly aged group (51-65 years old) and elderly group (66-80 years old). The taste test involved 5 tastants (sour, sweet, salty, umami and bitter) and 7 concentrations. The perception and recognition scores of five tastes were obtained through the whole-mouth taste test. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients of the whole-mouth taste test were 0.751 to 0.828, which showed high test-retest reliability. The total score of perception and recognition of five tastes showed the significant negative correlation with age (r value was -0.49 and -0.44, respectively, both P<0.001). Compared with the other two groups, taste function of middle-elderly aged and elderly group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in total perception scores and total recognition scores between youth and middle aged group (all P>0.05). The perception scores and recognition scores of sour, salty, umami, bitter and total scores in females were higher than those in males (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in perception scores and recognition scores for sweet between them (P value was 0.584 and 0.223, respectively). Conclusions: The taste function is significantly negatively correlated with age. Except the sweet, females are more sensitive to the sour, salty, umami and bitter tastes than males.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Face , Mouth , Reproducibility of Results , Smell , TasteABSTRACT
Objective: Systematically summarize the research progress of clinical trials of gastric cancer oncology drugs and the overview of marketed drugs in China from 2012 to 2021, providing data and decision-making evidence for relevant departments. Methods: Based on the registration database of the drug clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of Food and Drug Administration of China and the data query system of domestic and imported drugs, the information on gastric cancer drug clinical trials, investigational drugs and marketed drugs from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was analyzed, and the differences between Chinese and foreign enterprises in terms of trial scope, trial phase, treatment lines and drug type, effect and mechanism studies were compared. Results: A total of 114 drug clinical trials related to gastric tumor were registered in China from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 3.7% (114/3 041) of all anticancer drug clinical trials in the same period, the registration number showed a significant growth rate after 2016 and reached its peak with 32 trials in 2020. Among them, 85 (74.6%, 85/114) trials were initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise. Compared with foreign pharmaceutical enterprise, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise had higher rates of phase I trials (35.3% vs 6.9%, P=0.001), but the rate of international multicenter trials (11.9% vs 67.9%, P<0.001) was relatively low. There were 76 different drugs involved in relevant clinical trials, of which 65 (85.5%) were targeted drugs. For targeted drugs, HER2 is the most common one (14 types), followed by PD-1 and multi-target VEGER. In the past ten years, 3 of 4 marketed drugs for gastric cancer treatment were domestic and included in the national medical insurance directory. Conclusions: From 2012 to 2021, China has made some progress in drug research and development for gastric carcinoma. However, compared with the serious disease burden, it is still insufficient. Targeted strengthening of research and development of investment in many aspects of gastric cancer drugs, such as new target discovery, matured target excavating, combination drug development and early line therapy promotion, is the key work in the future, especially for domestic companies.
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Humans , China , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Pharmaceutical Preparations , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Objective: To elucidate the rationality of integrated processing technology of Leonuri Herba based on comparison of chemical constituents and pharmacological effect of Leonuri Herba between traditional and integrated processing technology. Method:The contents of stachydrine hydrochloride,leonurine hydrochloride,rutin,hyperoside and isoquercetin were used as indexes to compare the differences in the contents of chemical constituents between traditional and integration processing technology of Leonuri Herba.Effect of Leonuri Herba with different processing technology on auricular swelling induced by dimethylbenzene in mice were observed to compared the differences of their anti-inflammatory effect.And rat acute blood stasis model was used to compare the differences of Leonuri Herba with different processing technology on hemorheology and blood coagulation indexes. Result:Contents of stachydrine hydrochloride,leonurine hydrochloride,rutin,hyperoside and isoquercetin in products of integrated processing were 1.558%,0.168%,0.137%,0.113% and 0.078%,they were 1.482%,0.134%,0.125%,0.082% and 0.071% in products of traditional processing,respectively.Both of the processing methods could reduce the degree of swelling and the contents of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 in mouse serum.And both of the processing methods could reduce the whole blood viscosity,prolong the thrombin time(TT),prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and reduce the concentration of plasma fibrinogen(FIB) in acute blood stasis model rats. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional processing technology,the integrated processing technology is better in guaranteeing the quality of Leonuri Herba decoction pieces and reducing the production cost,which indicates that the integrated processing of Leonuri Herba is reasonable.
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A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method was established for the analysis of volatile components in Mentha haplocalyx, and seven principal components were quantified by gas chromatography(GC). Based on these analyses, the differences of volatile components in M. haplocalyx from Jiangsu, Anhui and other regions were compared. The results showed that the volatile oil of M. haplocalyx was divided into four chemical types：menthol-menthone type, pulegone-menthone type, piperitone-menthol type, piperitone epoxide type, and menthol-menthone type was the principal type. Menthol was the highest and pulegone was the lowest. The differences of M. haplocalyx from Anhui and other regions were obvious. The major volatile components and the differences of M. haplocalyx from different regions were confirmed and a quantitative method was established for the determination of volatile components, which provided the basis for improving the quality standard of M. haplocalyx.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Urine output (UO) is an essential criterion of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition and classification system for acute kidney injury (AKI), of which the diagnostic value has not been extensively studied. We aimed to determine whether AKI based on KDIGO UO criteria (KDIGOUO) could improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, compared with KDIGO serum creatinine criteria (KDIGOSCr).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a secondary analysis of the database of a previous study conducted by China Critical Care Clinical Trial Group (CCCCTG), which was a 2-month prospective cohort study (July 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009) involving 3063 patients in 22 tertiary Intensive Care Units in Mainland of China. AKI was diagnosed and classified separately based on KDIGOUOand KDIGOSCr. Hospital mortality of patients with more severe AKI classification based on KDIGOUOwas compared with other patients by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of AKI increased from 52.4% based on KDIGOSCrto 55.4% based on KDIGOSCrcombined with KDIGOUO. KDIGOUOalso resulted in an upgrade of AKI classification in 7.3% of patients, representing those with more severe AKI classification based on KDIGOUO. Compared with non-AKI patients or those with maximum AKI classification by KDIGOSCr, those with maximum AKI classification by KDIGOUOhad a significantly higher hospital mortality of 58.4% (odds ratio [OR]: 7.580, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.141-13.873, P< 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, AKI based on KDIGOUO (OR: 2.891, 95% CI: 1.964-4.254, P< 0.001), but not based on KDIGOSCr (OR: 1.322, 95% CI: 0.902-1.939, P = 0.152), was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UO was a criterion with additional value beyond creatinine criterion for AKI diagnosis and classification, which can help identify a group of patients with high risk of death.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Mortality , Creatinine , Blood , Critical Illness , Mortality , Hospital Mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Kidney Diseases , Blood , Mortality , Pathology , Urine , Logistic Models , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
To define the differences in antibiotics exposure, risk factors, and outcome in hospitalized patients with Candida albicans [C. albicans] and non-C. albicans candidemia. This is a multi-center retrospective study of 132 patients with candidemia from 5 tertiary-care educational hospitals in Shandong, China conducted between January 2009 and June 2010. Fifty-six of 132 [42.4%] patients had candidemia due to C. albicans and 76/132 [57.6%] had non-C. albanians candidemia. Patients with non-C. albicans candidemia received anti-anaerobic agents more often [23.7% versus 8.9%; p=0.027] and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors less often [34.2% versus 51.8%; p=0.043] than those with C. albicans candidemia. Independent risk factors of non-C. albicans candidemia were prior anti-anaerobic and antifungal therapies and central venous catheter placement. Overall, 30-day mortality was higher for patients with C. albicans than non-C. albicans candidemia [50% versus 31.6%; p=0.032]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that C. albicans candidemia, advanced age, and concomitant bacteremia were associated with death due to candidemia. Patients who received anti-anaerobic or antifungal agents were likely to develop non-C. albicans candidemia. Candida albicans infection was associated with poorer prognosis. An awareness of these factors is needed to guide therapy and decrease the high mortality of candidemia
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Based on the infrared spectra of Lophatheri Herba and Commelinae Herba, one-dimensional infrared spectra, second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlated spectra were used to find out the differences between Lophatheri Herba and its imitations, respectively. The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio dual-indexes sequential were calculated and established according to infrared spectra of eleven batches of herbs. Infrared spectral data of Lophatheri Herba cluster analysis was applied to explore the similarity between each sample. The grouping results trend of sequential analysis of dual-indexes and cluster analysis was accordant. The results showed that the differences could be found by multi-level identification, and the source and the quality of the herbs could be effectively distinguished by the two analysis methods. Infrared spectroscopy, used in the present work exhibited some advantages on quick procedures, less sample required, and reliable results, which could provide a new method for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine with the imitations and adulterants, and the control of quality and origin.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide. However, epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking. The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria, assess the association with hospital mortality, and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across mainland China. We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n = 1623), younger than 18 years (n = 127), receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 29), receiving renal transplantation (n = 1) and unknown reasons (n = 28). There were 1255 patients in the final analysis. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI, with RIFLE maximum class R, I, and F in 126 (10.0%), 91 (7.3%), and 179 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%). In comparison with non AKI patients, patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706 - 7.443, P = 0.001], while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215, 95% CI 2.798-9.719, P < 0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316, 95% CI 7.507-23.622, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class. The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group, 3.401 for the injury group, and 5.306 for the failure group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs. In comparison with non-AKI patients, patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F. The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Kidney Injury , Epidemiology , Pathology , China , Epidemiology , Intensive Care Units , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Accurate views of the head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis and the relationship of tumor and the surrounding blood vessels are especially crucial to carotid body tumor (CBT) patients. The aim of this study was to explore the value of dual-source CT (DSCT) cerebral and carotid angiography in CBT diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography was performed on nine patients with CBT. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction images were obtained by means of multiple planar reconstructions (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR). All patients were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) examination. Two kinds of examinations were performed in 3 days, and all patients were confirmed by surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DSCT angiography was successful in all patients. CBTs were diagnosed in 9 patients with 10 lesions (1 case had multiple bilateral CBTs). The largest lesion was 12 cm in diameter, and the smallest one was 1.6 cm in diameter. All patients had clearly demonstrated head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor relationship with the surrounding blood vessels. The internal and external carotid artery (ICA, ECA) were involved in 2 cases. There were 7 cases with basilar artery ring integrity, and 1 case had the posterior communicating artery absent; 1 case had middle cerebral artery stenosis; 4 cases (4 tumors) showed arterial phase homogeneous enhancement; 5 cases (6 tumors) had obvious heterogeneous enhancement where irregular low-density necrosis could be seen in the tumors. CDFI could demonstrate the nearby blood vessels and tumor structure, instead of tumor angiogenesis. However, DSCT can display both the tumor and the peripheral vascular tumor angiogenesis consistent with surgical findings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography can provide reliable information for the operation. It might be a valuable CBT diagnostic method by showing accurate views of the CBT along with the bilateral neck and brain blood vessels.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carotid Arteries , Diagnostic Imaging , Carotid Body Tumor , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Cerebral Angiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Doppler color echocardiography is a common method for detecting coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the diagnostic accuracy for the whole coronary artery lesions is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) and Doppler color echocardiography for the assessment of coronary artery lesions caused by KD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen patients, 12 with typical KD and 4 with atypical KD, underwent DSCT and Doppler color echocardiography. The position and internal diameter of each coronary artery lesion was measured. Correlation analysis was used to compare the diagnostic value of the two imaging modalities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the typical KD group, seven patients did not have any coronary artery lesion as confirmed by both DSCT scans and Doppler color echocardiography; in four patients proximal coronary artery injuries were identified by both modalities; in one patient an aneurysm in the middle and distal segments of the coronary artery was detected by DSCT but was negative in Doppler color echocardiography. In the atypical KD group, three cases showed the same results with both modalities, while one case with coronary artery stenosis in the middle segment was identified by DSCT but not detected by Doppler color echocardiography. There was a good correlation between the two imaging modalities (Kappa value, 0.768 (>or= 0.75)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DSCT coronary artery angiography is an accurate, non-invasive, and valuable technique for detecting and following up coronary artery lesions in patients with KD.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Coronary Angiography , Methods , Coronary Artery Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of anxiety among tent inhabitants one month after the 5.12 Sichuan earthquake as to formulating intervention strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified random sampling method was adopted. Inclusion criteria were: inhabitants, aged above 18 years old, living in tent in 13 relief centers of 4 townships in Jiangyou city; and only one person from each tent/family could be enrolled in this study. A total of 402 subjects were interviewed with Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). SAS scores were compared between different groups and symptomatic differences between anxiety and non-anxiety victims were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of anxiety among tent inhabitants was 22.1% (89/402). A higher rate of anxiety was observed in senior age group than in younger age group (F = 7.03, P < 0.01). Age with > or = 50 years (42.85 +/- 11.15), 40-49 years (41.57 +/- 10.30), 30-39 years (37.99 +/- 9.66), 18-29 years (36.62 +/- 9.92). Female (43.13 +/- 10.45) had a high rate of anxiety than male (36.80 +/- 9.88) (t = -6.09, P < 0.01). The most common symptoms were anxiety (79.4%, 319/402), fatigue (68.2%, 274/402), phobia (65.7%, 264/402), sleep disorders (65.4%, 263/402), unfortunate feelings (65.2% , 262/402), akathisia (59.7%, 240/402), and fear (58.2%, 234/402). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that insane feelings(t = 5.37, P < 0.01), trembling(t = 5.33, P < 0.01), dyspnea (t = 4.28, P < 0.01), unfortunate feelings (t = 3.87, P < 0.01), headache(t = 3.85, P < 0.01), facial flushing (t = 3.48, P <0.01), fatigue (t = 3.27, P < 0.01), dizziness (t = 2.79, P < 0.01), frequent micturition (t = 2.41, P < 0.05), and akathisia (t = 2.31, P < 0.05) were more frequently experienced in the anxiety victims than non-anxiety victims.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tent inhabitants in the post-earthquake relief centers exhibit a higher prevalence of anxiety as compared with the general population. Much attention should be paid to elderly, female, and those who have developed specific symptoms such as insane feelings, trembling, dyspnea, etc. Meanwhile, some intervention measures should be timely taken.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Distribution , Anxiety , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Disasters , Earthquakes , Residence Characteristics , Sex Distribution , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for anxiety among inhabitants in the relief centers one month after the 5·12 Sichuan earthquake and to formulate intervention strategies.Methods A total of 402 tent inhabitants aged ≥18 years were randomly sdected from 13 relief centers of 4 townships in Jiangyou city.Data were collected by Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and risk factor questionnaires.Results The prevalence of anxiety among inhabitants in the relief centers was 22.1%(95%CI:18.2%-26.6%)(89/402).In single factor analysis,female,aged ≥40 years,family per-capita monthly income of ＜600 Yuan,education level of less than junior high school,inconvenient living conditions,history of chronic diseases,limited living space in tents,shortage of goods,and sex life being interrupted etc might increase anxiety.In multi-factor analysis,female (OR=2.921),inconvenient living conditions (OR=2.475),history of chronic diseases (OR=3.997),and limited living space in tents (OR=2.982) were the risk factors for anxiety.Conclusion Inhabitants in the relief centers exhibited higher prevalence of anxiety as compared with the general population.Measures to improve the living conditions of the relief centers,inehiding guarantee of water,electricity and material supply,sewage treatment,living space and privacy,and early psychological interventions were recommended for prevention and relief of anxiety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of expiratory triggering sensitivity (ETS) on patient-ventilator expiratory synchrony and work of breathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients during pressure support ventilation (PSV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 31 COPD patients were ventilated in PSV mode, and measured by a pulmonary monitor. Meanwhile, the electromyogram of the diaphragm (EMG(diaph)) was obtained with electromyography. Five levels of ETS, 1%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% of peak inspiratory flow (PIF), were studied in random order. Each ETS level lasted 30 minutes and all the data were recorded simultaneously for 3 minutes at the end of each period. The effects of ETS on patient-ventilator expiratory synchrony were analyzed by measuring the phase angle of expiration between the EMG(diaph) and the flow wave curve, and the effects of ETS on work of breathing by calculating total work of breathing (Wtot), work of inspiration by patients (Wi, P) and expiratory work of breathing (Wex).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten patients were excluded from the study. At the 25% PIF level of ETS, patient-ventilator expiratory synchrony was the best, theta = (8 +/- 3) degrees, 16 patients - 15 degrees < or = theta < or = 15 degrees, and the amount of Wtot, Wi, p, Wex was the smallest among all the 5 levels of ETS, which was (1.86 +/- 0.53) J/L, (0.54 +/- 0.13) J/L, and (0.16 +/- 0.08) J/L respectively. When the level of ETS decreased, the occurrence of delayed termination of inspiration and the amount of Wex increased. At the level of 1% PIF, 18 patients theta > 15 degrees, and Wex was (0.48 +/- 0.10) J/L; at this level of ETS, Wi, p also increased significantly to (0.65 +/- 0.16 ) J/L. But when the level of ETS increased, the occurrence of premature termination of inspiration and the amount of Wi, p increased: at 50% PIF level of ETS, theta < - 15 degrees and Wi, p was (1.33 +/- 0.14) J/L in 19 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proper adjustment of ETS during PSV improves patient-ventilator synchrony and decreases work of breathing in COPD patients.</p>