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The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of gut microbiome imbalance on impaired cognitive function in schizophrenia patients， and to propose a new approach to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. The cognitive impairment of schizophrenic patients is one of the major barriers that hinder patient social reintegration. With the emergence of microbiome-gut-brain axis， many researchers have found that there is a certain relationship between gut microbiome imbalance and impaired cognitive function in schizophrenia patients， so this paper reviews and summarizes such relationship found in previous studies， with a view to informing the exploration of new ways to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of three kinds of skin external use in the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 120 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated form August 2014 to October 2015 were divided into three groups by random number table method, namely, aloe vera gel group, triethanolamine cream group, radiation treatment of skin protectants (lifuning) group. Except for different medications among the groups, the other conditions remained relatively consistent. 3 groups were compared in the radiotherapy classification, area, local pain score, and topical drug costs during the radiotherapy and the radiation dose when radiation dermatitis occurred the first time. Results Three kinds of skin external use had a preventive effect, but the effect was different. Three groups′ patients with radiation dermatitis incidence was 100%, but occurred at different levels. Aloe vera gel cream group and triethanolamine group were mainly for gradeⅡradiation dermatitis, grade IV radiation dermatitis occurred in 2 cases and 4 cases, lifuning group were mainly for grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ radiation dermatitis, grade Ⅲ radiation dermatitis only occurred 2 cases, noⅣgrade radiation dermatitis occurred. Comparison among the three groups, the difference was statistically significant (H=8.758,P0.05). The difference between in lifuning group and triethanolamine cream group in pain had no statistically significant (χ2=2.47,P>0.05), other indexes had significant differences (P 0.05). Conclusions Considering the efficacy, pain and price three aspects which skin external use prevention and treatment radiation dermatitis patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lifuning as the mixture of triethanolamine and aloe can effectively reduce and delay the chance of radiation dermatitis, reduce the radiation field experience of local pain, and affordable, the patients are more acceptable, it′s worthy of clinical use.
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Objective To investigate the serum levels of uric acid (UA) in bipolar disorder patients and their clini?cal significance. Methods Serum levels of UA was measured in 126 bipolar disorder patients including 77 mania pa?tients and 49 depression patients, 69 first-episode schizophrenic patients and 126 healthy controls (control group). Bipo?lar disorder patients was assessed by using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Results The serum UA levels were significantly higher in bipolar group [(349.34 ± 107.21) μmol/L] than in schizophrenic group [(319.71±84.48)μmol/L] and in control group [(280.94±71.90)μmol/L] (P0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the correlation of serum UA levels with YMRS scores and HAMD scores was not significant in bipolar disorder patients (P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with bipolar disorder has elevated serum uric acid levels which may be a biomarkers of bipolar disorder.
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Objective:To explore the relation of cognitive function correlates to P50 sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 106 patients with drug-na¨ive first-episode schizophrenia and 86 healthy con-trol subjects matched for age,sex and education were recruited.All patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Man-ual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)criteria for schizophrenia.Their cognitive function were assessed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).The P50 auditory gating potential were recorded in all subjects using conditioning-testing stimulus paradigm and stimulus train paradigm.The P50 components were meas-ured in S1 S2 latency,S1 S2 amplitude and P50 suppression ratios.Results:Compared with the controls subjects, the patients with schizophrenia had significantly longer S1[60.8 ±7.8)ms vs.(56.3 ±7.0)ms,P 0.05).No significant correlation was found between P50 gating measures (P50 ratio and P50 ampli-tude difference)and neuropsychological measures in MCCB scores (Ps >0.05).Conclusion:There may be no as-sociation between P50 deficits and cognitive measures in patients with drug-na¨ive first-episode schizophrenia.
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Objective To evaluate cognitive impairment and performance-based skills and to explore their rela?tionships with clinical phenotypes in drug-na?ve first-episode patients with schizophrenia. Methods One hundred and forty-five inpatients and 65 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education were recruited. The MATRICS Con?sensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Stroop, digit span test, emotional recognition test, University of California, San Diego, Performance-based Skill Assessment (UPSA) and Positive Negative Syndrome Scale scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate cognitive function, life skill and symptoms, respectively. Results Compared with the controls, total score of MCCB and scores of 10 subscales, scores of digit span, emotional recognition and Stroop were significantly lower in patients (all P<0.05). The UPSA total score and scores of financial skill and communication skill were lower in patients than in controls (all P<0.05). Verbal memory, visual memory , Stroop, communication skill scores and total UPSA standard score were sig?nificantly higher in patients with paranoid subtype of schizophrenia than in patients with non-paranoid subtype of schizo? phrenia (all P<0.05). The score of MCCB associated with education years (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.13~1.47) and PANSS (OR=0.95, 95%CI:0.92~0.97). Conclusions First-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia have markedly cog?nitive and performance-based skills deficits, which are associated with clinical symptoms. These deficits are differences between paranoid subtype and non-paranoid subtype of schizophrenia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects between acupuncture combined with rehabilitation and simple rehabilitation for shoulder pain after stroke, and to select the best plan of acupuncture manipulations at different stages by orthogonal design.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation, and nine cases without acupuncture were arranged into a control group. Eighty-one patients of orthogonal design were applied by acupuncture with the same acupoints and course. The VAS score and its weighted value were regarded as the observation indices,and the effects between the acupuncture group and the control group were compared. The optimal plans of acupuncture manipulations of the early stage and the later stage were chosen after the first course treatment and the third course treatment separately. The acupuncture depth (factor A:A: shallow depth less than 25 mm, A(II): modest depth 25-40 mm, A(III): deep depth 40-50 mm), the acupuncture angle (factor B:B(I): perpendicular insertion, B(II): horizontal insertion, B(III): oblique insertion), needle manipulated frequency (factor C: C(I): zero time, C(II): one time, C(III): three times) and needle retained time(factor D:D(I):20 min, D(II): 30 min, D(III): 60 min) were studied. The differences among all factors and the diversity among major factors at different stages were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation at the early and the later stage acquired better improvement than simple rehabilitation (all P < 0.01). (2) The optimal acupuncture manipulation plan at the early stage was A(III) B(III) C(I) D(I), which was deep acupuncture and oblique insertion for 20 min with zero-time manipulation; the optimal acupuncture manipulation plan at the later stage was A(III) B(III) C(III) D(I), which was deep acupuncture and oblique insertion for 20 min with three-time manipulation. (3) There was significance for acupuncture depth and angle at the early stage (both P < 0.01) and there was significance for insertion depth, acupuncture angle and manipulating frequency at the later stage (all P < 0.05). (4) At the early stage, the insertion depth was statistically significant between A(I) and A(II), A(I) and A(III), A(II) and A(III) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the statistical significance was existed between B(I) and B(III) (P < 0.01). At the later stage, the insertion depth was statistically significant between A(I) and A(III), A(III) and A(II), A(I) and A(II) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the statistical significance was existed between C(I) and C(III), C(II) and C(III) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation acquire apparent effect for shoulder pain after stroke. At the early stage,the optimal plan is deep and oblique insertion for 20 min with zero-time manipulation. At the later stage, the best plan is deep and oblique insertion for 20 min with 3-time manipulation.</p>