ABSTRACT
The principal objective of this study was to determine whether visceral fat or liver fat is a more relevant risk factor for metabolic syndrome. A total of 98 subjects aged 18-65 yr, who visited a health promotion center in a university hospital, were enrolled in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. We defined the visceral obesity as a visceral fat area of > or = 100 cm2 which was acquired by CT at the L4-5 level. To evaluate fatty liver, we applied a liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio < or = 1.1 as measured by CT at the T12 level. We employed binary logistic regression models that used the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable and age, sex, and the presence or absence of visceral obesity and fatty liver as independent variables. Visceral obesity was not found to be an independent variable as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval 0.55-13.30), but fatty liver was found to be significant in this model (odds ratio 71.3; 95% CI 13.04-389.53). Our study suggests that liver fat may be a more important risk factor than visceral fat in terms of its association with metabolic syndrome.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Pressure , Body Composition , Demography , Fatty Liver/complications , Intra-Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology , Liver/anatomy & histology , Logistic Models , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Spleen/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although an increase of candiduria among hospitalized patients has been reported, the significance of the presence of Candida spp. in the urine of patients is not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Candida spp. in patients with hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (HAUTI) and their risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective studies of patients with urinary tract infection were conducted during the period from January 2003 to December 2005. Medical records of patients were reviewed and 185 patients were diagnosed with HAUTI by Candida spp. RESULTS: The predominant species were C. tropicalis (46.5%), followed by C. albicans (29.2%) and C. glabrata (17.3%). The commonest coexisting risk factors in patients with HAUTI by Candida spp. were antibiotic therapy (96.2%) and indwelling urinary catheters (92.4%). Female gender, long hospital day, antifungal therapy and leukocytosis were specifically associated with C. glabrata but not with C. albicans HAUTI. On the other hand, operation history was associated with C. tropicalis but not with C. albicans HAUTI. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the risk factors for HAUTI differ according to Candida species. There is an need for continuous surveillance of HAUTI by Candida spp. and proper control of the risk factors for the development of HAUTI.