ABSTRACT
This study has investigated the effect of a potent bioflavonoid, troxerutin,on diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory mediators and expression ofmicroRNA-146a and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aortic tissueof type-I diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 6/each): healthy, healthy-troxerutin, diabetic, and diabetic-troxerutin. Diabeteswas induced by streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) and lasted 10weeks. Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for last month of experiment.Inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, as well as intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), cyclooxygenase-II(COX-II), and inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured on aortic samplesby enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions for transcription factorNF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), TNF receptor-associatedfactor-6 (TRAF-6), and microRNA-146a were determined using real-time polymerasechain reaction. Ten-week diabetes significantly increased mRNA levels of IRAK-1,TRAF-6, NF-κB, and protein levels of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, adhesion moleculesICAM-1, VCAM, and iNOS, COX-II, and decreased expression of microRNA-146a ascompared with healthy rats (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). However, one month treatmentof diabetic rats with troxerutin restored glucose and insulin levels, significantly decreasedexpression of inflammatory genes and pro-inflammatory mediators andincreased microRNA level in comparison to diabetic group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Inhealthy rats, troxerutin had significant reducing effect only on NF-κB, TNF- and COXIIlevels (p < 0.05). Beside slight improvement of hyperglycemia, troxerutin preventedthe activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory signaling in
ABSTRACT
This study has investigated the effect of a potent bioflavonoid, troxerutin,on diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory mediators and expression ofmicroRNA-146a and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aortic tissueof type-I diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 6/each): healthy, healthy-troxerutin, diabetic, and diabetic-troxerutin. Diabeteswas induced by streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) and lasted 10weeks. Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for last month of experiment.Inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, as well as intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), cyclooxygenase-II(COX-II), and inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured on aortic samplesby enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions for transcription factorNF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), TNF receptor-associatedfactor-6 (TRAF-6), and microRNA-146a were determined using real-time polymerasechain reaction. Ten-week diabetes significantly increased mRNA levels of IRAK-1,TRAF-6, NF-κB, and protein levels of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, adhesion moleculesICAM-1, VCAM, and iNOS, COX-II, and decreased expression of microRNA-146a ascompared with healthy rats (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). However, one month treatmentof diabetic rats with troxerutin restored glucose and insulin levels, significantly decreasedexpression of inflammatory genes and pro-inflammatory mediators andincreased microRNA level in comparison to diabetic group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Inhealthy rats, troxerutin had significant reducing effect only on NF-κB, TNF- and COXIIlevels (p < 0.05). Beside slight improvement of hyperglycemia, troxerutin preventedthe activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory signaling in
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and experience of gracilis muscle transposition for complex rectovaginal fistula (RVF) and rectourethral fistula (RUF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen patients underwent gracilis muscle transposition for complex RVF and RUF from May 2009 to November 2011 in the Beijing Shijitan Hospital and the clinical data were prospectively collected. The success rate and complications were recorded. SF-36 quality of life score, Wexner fecal incontinence score, and female sexual function score before surgery and 6 months after surgery were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 19 patients, there were 8 males (RUF) and 11 females (RUF). The times of failed attempt repair preoperatively ranged from 0-3 (mean, 1.0). The diameter of the fistula ranged from 0.5-3.0 cm (mean, 1.6), and all fistulas located above the sphincter. The operative time ranged from 145-400 minutes (median, 240). The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 10-39 days (median 21). Early postoperative complications included thigh pain and numbness in 2 cases, leg numbness in 2 cases. No long-term complications were noticed. The follow-up period ranged from 6-35 months (median, 18). The gracilis muscle transposition had a healing rate of 94.7% (18/19). As compared with the preoperative level, Wexner score decreased from 10.0±8.8 to 2.9±5.8, and the continence function improved significantly (P=0.002). Sexual function score of 11 female patients increased from 1.0±1.8 to 4.0±4.0, and the sexual function had a significant improvement after surgery (P=0.022). SF-36 quality of life scores improved significantly (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gracilis muscle transposition for complex rectovaginal fistula and rectourethral fistula has high success rate with mild and rare complications.</p>