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Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), a common disease of digestive system, is an extremely important cause of gastric cancer (GC). The occurrence and development of CAG involves the abnormality of multiple signaling pathways. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has the advantages of mild action, multi-target and small adverse reaction, etc., which broadens the way for the treatment of the disease, and TCMs can play a therapeutic role by regulating multiple signaling pathways. In this review, based on the related experiments of TCMs and Chinese herbal compounds in recent years, the related literatures were searched and 10 kinds of signaling pathways involved were summarized, in order to provide a reference for further research on reversing or delaying the progress of CAG and preventing gastric cancer.
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The genus Rosa (Rosaceae family) includes about 200 species spread in the world, and this genus shows unique advantages in medicine and food. To date, several scholars concentrated on compounds belonging to flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, polysaccharide, phenolic acids, fatty acids, organic acids, carotenoids, and vitamins. Pharmacological effects such as antineoplastic and anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver protection, regulate blood sugar, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, as well as nervous system protection and cardiovascular protection were wildly reported. This article reviews the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, applications and safety evaluations of Rosa plants, which provides a reference for the comprehensive utilization of medicine and food resources and gives a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.
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The Changshu tablet [CST], one kind of Chinese patent medicine with astringent to the intestine and relieving diarrhea, was made by the root of Rose odorata Sweet var. gigantean [Coll.et Hemsl.] Rehd.et Wils. Although CST has a long history of clinical application, but the research of its chemical composition is less. So the objective of this study was to investigate the main constituents and preliminarily research its effect of the contraction of isolated intestine in vitro. The contents of total polyphenols [126.23 mg/g] and total triterpenoids [132.75mg/g] in CST were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Procyanidin B3, epigallo catechin, catechin, epicatechin, [-]-fisetinidol-[4 alpha, 8]-[-]- catechin, [4 alpha, 8]-[-]-fisetinidol-[-]-epicatechins and [+]-guibourtinidol-[4 alpha, 8]-epicatechin were identified and determined by high performance liquid chromatography and their contents were distributed from 0.04mg/g to 1.46 mg/g. CST showed significant inhibitory effect against acetylcholine-induced contraction on the rat-isolated intestinal smooth muscle with a dose-dependent manner from 0.06 to 0.6 mg/mL. The maxim inhibition rates of CST on duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were 65.70 +/- 3.47%, 79.74 +/- 1.27%, 58.90 +/- 1.87% and 45.75 +/- 2.21% respectively. These results indicated that CST has a spasmolytic role in gastrointestinal motility which was probably mediated through inhibition of muscarinic receptors. All these findings promote the improvement of the quality control standard of CST and provide pharmacological foundation for clinical application of CST in gastrointestinal tract
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct the biotransformation of ursolic acid by alternaria longipes AS3. 2875, and optimize the culture medium and biotransformation conditions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>With the consumption rate of ursolic acid and the generation rate of 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranose ursolic acid as indicators, the impact of different biotransformation conditions such as pH, phosphate, different kinds of metal ions, spore concentration, substrate quantity, temperature, shaking speed and cultivation time on the transformation of ursolic acid in alternaria longipes culture solution were detected to obtain the optimal biotransformation conditions of ursolic acid by alternaria longipes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimized biotransformation conditions were as follows: initial pH value was 5.0, MgSO4 was 0.25 g x L(-1) K2HPO4 was 1.0 g x L(-1), FeSO4 was 0.083 g x L(-1), spore concentration was 4%, substrate quantity was 0.3 g x L(-1), shaking speed was 140 r x min(-1), cultivation temperature was at 28 degrees C and cultivating time was 3 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The generation rate of 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranose ursolic acid by alternaria longipes stabilizes at around 5%.</p>
Subject(s)
Alternaria , Chemistry , Metabolism , Biotransformation , Culture Media , Metabolism , Culture Techniques , Methods , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Temperature , Triterpenes , MetabolismABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the water-soluble phenolic glycosides from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum. Methods Column chromatography techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents, physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis were employed for structural elucidation. Results Bulbophyllinoside (1), a new phenolic glycoside and three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl. Their structures were determined as 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-(6'-O-β-apiofuranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopynanoside (2), 3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopynanoside (3) and syringin (4). Conclusion Bulbophyllinoside (1) is a new compound.