Differences in Nutrient Intake with Homemade versus Chef-Prepared Specific Carbohydrate Diet Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights into Dietary Research / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content consumed by children and adolescents on home-prepared versus chef-prepared specific carbohydrate diets (SCD) as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). @*Methods@#Dietary intake of two cohorts with active IBD initiating the SCD over 12 weeks was assessed. The home-prepared cohort received detailed guidance from dietitians on implementation of the SCD. The chef in the other cohort was knowledgeable in the SCD and prepared meals from a fixed set of recipes. Data from 3-day diet diaries at 4 different time points were collected. US Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) were calculated for macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. @*Results@#Eight participants on the homemade SCD and 5 participants on the chef-prepared SCD were included in analysis. Mean % RDA for energy intake was 115% and 87% for homemade and chef-prepared groups (p<0.01). Mean % RDA for protein intake was 337% for homemade SCD and 216% for chef-prepared SCD (p<0.01). The homemade SCD group had higher mean % RDA values for vitamin A and iron, while the chef-prepared SCD group had higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, D, phosphorus and zinc (p<0.01 for all). @*Conclusion@#The SCD implemented homemade versus chef-prepared can result in significantly different intake of nutrients and this may influence efficacy of this dietary therapy. Meal preparation dynamics and the motivation of families who pursue dietary treatment may play an important role on the foods consumed and the outcomes on dietary therapy with the SCD.

Differences in Nutrient Intake with Homemade versus Chef-Prepared Specific Carbohydrate Diet Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights into Dietary Research / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content consumed by children and adolescents on home-prepared versus chef-prepared specific carbohydrate diets (SCD) as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). @*Methods@#Dietary intake of two cohorts with active IBD initiating the SCD over 12 weeks was assessed. The home-prepared cohort received detailed guidance from dietitians on implementation of the SCD. The chef in the other cohort was knowledgeable in the SCD and prepared meals from a fixed set of recipes. Data from 3-day diet diaries at 4 different time points were collected. US Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) were calculated for macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. @*Results@#Eight participants on the homemade SCD and 5 participants on the chef-prepared SCD were included in analysis. Mean % RDA for energy intake was 115% and 87% for homemade and chef-prepared groups (p<0.01). Mean % RDA for protein intake was 337% for homemade SCD and 216% for chef-prepared SCD (p<0.01). The homemade SCD group had higher mean % RDA values for vitamin A and iron, while the chef-prepared SCD group had higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, D, phosphorus and zinc (p<0.01 for all). @*Conclusion@#The SCD implemented homemade versus chef-prepared can result in significantly different intake of nutrients and this may influence efficacy of this dietary therapy. Meal preparation dynamics and the motivation of families who pursue dietary treatment may play an important role on the foods consumed and the outcomes on dietary therapy with the SCD.

Comparative Analysis of Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin in Normal Population and Patients with Different Types of Cancer

BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein of innate immunity. Its genetic mutations lead to deficiency of serum MBL and recurrent pyogenic infection in childhood. However, little is known about the frequency of its gene mutations or serum levels in Korean population and patients with cancers. METHODS: We studied the mutational genotypes of MBL exon 1 codon 52, 54, and 57 or serum MBL levels from 102 normal adults and 228 cases of breast, stomach, colon, uterine cervical, and lung cancers by allele-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: MBL gene mutations were found in 32 of 102 normal adults (31.4%), and were restricted only to exon 1 codon 54 showing homozygous (n=5, 4.9%) or heterozygous mutations (n=27, 26.5%). Mean and median serum MBL in the patients with cancers were increased (2,647+/-1,742 and 2,915 ng/mL, mean+/-S.D. and median) than those of normal adults (1,906+/-1,359 and 1,758 ng/mL). Serum MBL level was significantly increased in the patients with stomach, uterine cervical, colon, and lung cancers. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the frequency and pattern of MBL gene mutations and its serum level is very similar among northeastern Asian populations. In addition, MBL might be involved in an immunologic response against common cancers, although further studies are needed.

Expression of Cancer-Related Genes in Epstein Barr Virus-Infected Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Line Treated with Mitomycin C

BACKGROUND: Infection of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) into B cells drives the infected cells into the cell cycle and frequently results in lymphoblastoid cells. Mitomycin C inhibits DNA synthesis of epithelial cells as well as lymphoid cells by cross-linking with DNA. Many of the cancer cells have various pathways for escaping the responsiveness to the negative growth-regulatory effects of mitomycin C and gaining the immortalized property. The auther performed a cell culture of an EBV infected Jijoye lymphoma cell line, and compared the cell cycle and cancer related genes between the mitomycin treated- and non-treated group. METHODS: DNA and RNA were extracted from the Jijoye cells; and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1, 2 and latent membrane protein (LMP) of EBV and p53 and p21 mRNA analyse was performed. RESULTS: Mitomycin C blocked G2/M phase, however, mitomycin did not affect the expression of EBNA-1, 2 and LMP. Mitomycin C also increased the p21 mRNA expression without p53 mRNA increase. CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin C induces B cell apoptosis by blocking the G2/M phase and by increasing p21 mRNA independent to p53, which reveals the presence of an alternative pathway of p21 induction by mitomycin C in EBV positive lymphoma cells

K-ras Gene Mutations and Expression of K-ras, p16, Cyclin D1 and p53 in Synchronous Lesions of The Colon Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequences

BACKGROUND: The colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence represents a well-known para-digm for the sequential development of cancer driven by the accumulation of genomic defects. Although the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence has been well investigated, the studies about tumors of different dignity co-existent in the same patient are rare. K-ras mutation is an early genetic change in colon cancer. The genes involved in the cell cycle such as cyclin D1, p16, and p53 are important in the tumorigenesis of the colon. The aims of this study were to determine K-ras gene mutation and expression of K-ras, p16, cyclin D1 and p53 in synchronous lesions of the colon adenoma-carcinoma sequences and their possible relationship with K-ras mutation. METHODS: The materials included 45 colonic adenocarcinomas which were accompanied by adenoma (22 low grade and 26 high grade). By using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), we detected K-ras mutation of codon 12. An aberrant K-ras, p16, cyclin D1 and p53 expressions were stained using an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: K-ras mutation was 52.4% (11/21) of high grade adenomas. K-ras expression was 65.4% (17/26) of high grade adenomas. p16 and cyclin D1 expressions were 50% (11/22) and 90.9% (20/22) of low grade adenomas, respectively. p53 expression was 75.6% (34/45) of adenocarcinomas. There were statistical correlations among K-ras, p16 and cyclin D1. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the ras gene mutation is an early event and the overexpressions of p16, cyclin D1 and p53 are associated with K-ras mutation and expression in adenoma-carcinoma sequences.

Immunology / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

No abstract available.

E-Cadherin Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma according to the Mainz Classification

According to the Mainz classification, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of three subtypes: each has characteristic genetic alterations within the chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA. The three subtypes are: clear cell type, chromophil type, and chromophobe type. E-cadherin is a Ca++-dependent adhesion molecule which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. In a normal kidney, E-cadherin is expressed in the distal tubule and the collecting duct, but not in the proximal tubule. We reclassified 110 cases of RCC according to mainz classification. Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin was done on twenty eight cases of RCC, including 18 cases of clear cell type, four cases of chromophil type, and six cases of chromophobe type. The results were as follows: 1) of the 110 cases of RCC, 96 cases (87.3%) were of clear cell type, four cases (3.6%) of chromophil type, and ten cases (9.1%) of chromophobe type, 2) there was no significant correlation between the nuclear grade and clinical stage according to each subtype, 3) E-cadherin expression showed a strong positive reaction along the cell membranes in all six cases of chromophobe type. The differential expression of E-cadherin in RCC may suggest that the chromophobe type may have different biologic characteristics from other types of RCC.

p53 Protein Overexpression and p53 Mutations in Invasive Breast Carcinomas Comparison to lymph node status, DNA ploidy and histologic grade

Functional loss of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is one of the most frequently detected and diffusely distributed findings among human cancers. Their mutant protein products or point mutations can be detected through immunohistochemistry(IHC) or polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP). Evaluation of the DNA content of the tumor cell by flow cytometry(FCM) can provide indirect evidence of the functional loss of p53, because the spindle checkpoint in the mitotic phase depends on p53. To evaluate the correlation between p53 mutation and the status of lymph node metastasis or the histological grade of the tumor cell, IHC, SSCP, and FCM in the same tissue was performed from 43 patients of human breast cancer. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Functional loss of p53 was detected in 81.4% of the breast cancer cases by using triple tests and 58.1% at the cases by double test(IHC and SSCP). Positive rates by single test were 41.8% by IHC, 44.2% by SSCP, and 58.1% by FCM. 2. For breast carcinomas no correlation between lymph-node metastasis and the functional loss of p53 detected by IHC or SSCP. 3. The correlation between the functional loss of p53 detected by IHC or SSCP and the aneuploidy of the tumor cells was statistically significant. 4. The triple tests revealed a functional loss of p53 in all cases of grade III breast cancer.

Evaulation of Angiogenesis and Matrix Metalloproteinase as Prognostic Markers in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: In squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, the angiogenesis and the expression rates of metalloproteinase were measured to examine whether they can be useful as prognostic markers and therapeutic potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The angiogenesis and the expression rates of metalloproteinase were analyzed by counting the number of microvessels and immunohistochemically positive cells of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in 54 squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. RESULTS: Lymph node meatastasis group showed higher angiogenesis than non-metastasis one (p=0.008). Angiogenesis were elevated with increasing clinical stage. However, MMP-1 and MMP-2 expression rate as the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis and the clinical stages were statistically insignificant, respectively. Angiogenesis failed to demonstrate any significant correlation with the expression rates of MMPs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggests that angiogenesis level may provide informaton relevant to prognosis as well as treatment decisions.